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The word intron is derived from the term intragenic region, i.e., a region inside a gene. [1] The term intron refers to both the DNA sequence within a gene and the corresponding RNA sequence in RNA transcripts. [2] The non-intron sequences that become joined by this RNA processing to form the mature RNA are called exons. [3]
This results in a mature messenger RNA with a missing section of an exon. In this way, a point mutation, which might otherwise affect only a single amino acid, can manifest as a deletion or truncation in the final protein. [citation needed] Intron Exon Boundary in pre-mRNA 1 - 3' Splice site 2 - Poly pyrimidine Tract 3 - Branch site 4 - 5 ...
Exon trapping or 'gene trapping' is a molecular biology technique that exploits the existence of the intron-exon splicing to find new genes. [13] The first exon of a 'trapped' gene splices into the exon that is contained in the insertional DNA .
Exon regions are retained in the final mature mRNA molecule, while intron regions are spliced out (excised) during post-transcriptional processing. [22] Indeed, the intron regions of a gene can be considerably longer than the exon regions.
Intron retention: A sequence may be spliced out as an intron or simply retained. This is distinguished from exon skipping because the retained sequence is not flanked by introns . If the retained intron is in the coding region, the intron must encode amino acids in frame with the neighboring exons, or a stop codon or a shift in the reading ...
The mutation must occur at the specific site at which intron splicing occurs: within non-coding sites in a gene, directly next to the location of the exon. The mutation can be an insertion, deletion, frameshift, etc. The splicing process itself is controlled by the given sequences, known as splice-donor and splice-acceptor sequences, which ...
Exon shuffling is a molecular mechanism for the formation of new genes. It is a process through which two or more exons from different genes can be brought together ectopically , or the same exon can be duplicated , to create a new exon-intron structure. [ 1 ]
During the process of splicing, an RNA-protein catalytical complex known as spliceosome catalyzes two transesterification reactions, which remove an intron and release it in form of lariat structure, and then splice neighbouring exons together. [11] In certain cases, some introns or exons can be either removed or retained in mature mRNA. [12]