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A distortionmeter is a level meter with two switchable parallel circuits at the input. The first circuit measures the total signal at the output of a system. (For low distortion levels this will be almost equal to fundamental). That value is adjusted to read 100% or, equivalently, to 0 dB.
The signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SINAD) is a measure of the quality of a signal from a communications device, often defined as = + + +, where is the average power of the signal, noise and distortion components.
A total harmonic distortion analyzer calculates the total harmonic content of a sinewave with some distortion, expressed as total harmonic distortion (THD). A typical application is to determine the THD of an amplifier by using a very-low-distortion sinewave input and examining the output.
These can be distinguished as THD F (for "fundamental"), and THD R (for "root mean square"). [12] [13] THD R cannot exceed 100%. At low distortion levels, the difference between the two calculation methods is negligible. For instance, a signal with THD F of 10% has a very similar THD R of 9.95%. However, at higher distortion levels the ...
The usefulness of blind listening tests and common objective performance measurements, e.g., THD, are questioned. [18] For instance, crossover distortion at a given THD is much more audible than clipping distortion at the same THD, since the harmonics produced are at higher frequencies.
Decibels relative to full scale (dBFS or dB FS) is a unit of measurement for amplitude levels in digital systems, such as pulse-code modulation (PCM), which have a defined maximum peak level. The unit is similar to the units dBov and decibels relative to overload ( dBO ).
If a waveform has been digitized, the correct RMS value may be calculated directly. Most digital and PC-based oscilloscopes include a function to give the RMS value of a waveform. The precision and the bandwidth of the conversion is entirely dependent on the analog to digital conversion.
Vinyl microgroove phonograph records typically yield 55-65 dB, though the first play of the higher-fidelity outer rings can achieve a dynamic range of 70 dB. [25] German magnetic tape in 1941 was reported to have had a dynamic range of 60 dB, [26] though modern-day restoration experts of such tapes note 45-50 dB as the observed dynamic range. [27]