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LIFE, short for Laser Inertial Fusion Energy, was a fusion energy effort run at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory between 2008 and 2013. LIFE aimed to develop the technologies necessary to convert the laser-driven inertial confinement fusion concept being developed in the National Ignition Facility (NIF) into a practical commercial power ...
First ICF laser with neodymium doped glass (Nd:glass) as lasing medium: 5 GW: 50 J: Livermore: LLNL: Single Beam System (SBS) "67" Shut down: 1971-1973: 1973: Single-beam CO 2 laser [89] 200 GW: 1 kJ: Los Alamos: LANL: Double Bounce Illumination System (DBIS) Shut down: 1972-1974: 1974-1990: First private laser fusion effort, YAG laser, neutron ...
Livermore started its laser fusion program in 1962-63 [11] and began to greatly expand its inertial fusion program in the early 1970s as the first high-power lasers became available. In 1975, Nuckolls was promoted to become the Associate Leader of the Laser Fusion Program, as well as the Divisional Leader of the "X-group" that designed the fuel ...
A NIF fusion shot on September 27, 2013, produced more energy than was absorbed by the deuterium–tritium fuel. [120] This has been confused with having reached "scientific breakeven", [121] [122] defined as the fusion energy exceeding the laser input energy. [123] Using this definition gives 14.4 kJ out and 1.8 MJ in, a ratio of 0.008. [120]
This corresponds to a "fusion gain" —the ratio of input laser power to output fusion power— of about 5. If one uses the baseline assumptions for the current HiPER design, the two lasers (driver and heater) produce about 270 kJ in total, yet generate 25 to 30 MJ, a gain of about 100. [ 10 ]
Laser beams or laser-produced X-rays rapidly heat the surface of the fusion target, forming a surrounding plasma envelope. Fuel is compressed by the rocket-like blowoff of the hot surface material. During the final part of the capsule implosion, the fuel core reaches 20 times the density of lead and ignites at 100,000,000 ˚C.
The Electra KrF laser demonstrates 90,000 shots over 10 hours, a repetition rate needed for an IFE power plant. [1] Inertial Fusion Energy is a proposed approach to building a nuclear fusion power plant based on performing inertial confinement fusion at industrial scale. This approach to fusion power is still in a research phase.
Laser types with distinct laser lines are shown above the wavelength bar, while below are shown lasers that can emit in a wavelength range. The height of the lines and bars gives an indication of the maximal power/pulse energy commercially available, while the color codifies the type of laser material (see the figure description for details).