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In humans, S. aureus can be present in the upper respiratory tract, gut mucosa, and skin as a member of the normal microbiota. [26] [27] [28] However, because S. aureus can cause disease under certain host and environmental conditions, it is characterized as a pathobiont. [26]
S. aureus bacteria can live on the skin which is one of the primary modes of transmission. S. aureus can cause a range of illnesses from minor skin infections to Staphylococcus aureus food poisoning enteritis. Since humans are the primary source, cross-contamination is the most common way the microorganism is introduced into foods. Foods at ...
S. aureus is also implicated [6] in toxic shock syndrome; during the 1980s some tampons allowed the rapid growth of S. aureus, which released toxins that were absorbed into the bloodstream. Any S. aureus infection can cause the staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, a cutaneous reaction to exotoxin absorbed into the
The TSST-1 is secreted as a single polypeptide chain. The gene encoding toxic shock syndrome toxin is carried by a mobile genetic element of S. aureus in the SaPI family of pathogenicity islands. [10] The toxin causes the non-specific binding of MHC II, on professional antigen presenting cells, with T-cell receptors, on T cells.
The 24-hour flu is usually a type of gastroenteritis, which is an inflammation of the intestines and stomach, says William Schaffner, M.D., an infectious disease specialist and professor at the ...
There are several diseases caused by S. aureus and enterococci. S. aureus has been found to cause sepsis and pneumonia, among other problems, [6] while Enterococci has been found to cause sepsis and urinary tract infections, [7] as well as being resistant to antibiotics. [8] There are various actions taken to prevent swimmers from falling ill.
The first S. aureus genomes to be sequenced were those of N315 and Mu50, in 2001. Many more complete S. aureus genomes have been submitted to the public databases, making it one of the most extensively sequenced bacteria. The use of genomic data is now widespread and provides a valuable resource for researchers working with S. aureus.
An associated skin disease favors recurrence. This may be attributed to the persistent colonization of abnormal skin with S. aureus strains, such as is the case in persons with atopic dermatitis. [16] Boils which recur under the arm, breast or in the groin area may be associated with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). [17]