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Clusters of Robusta coffee flowers. Robusta is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae.Though widely known by the synonym Coffea robusta, the plant is currently scientifically identified as Coffea canephora, which has two main varieties, C. c. robusta and C. c. nganda. [2]
Freshly harvested coffee cherries Coffea fruits, Bali. There are over 130 species of Coffea, which is grown from seed.The two most popular are Coffea arabica (commonly known simply as "Arabica"), which accounts for 60–80% of the world's coffee production, and Coffea canephora (known as "Robusta"), which accounts for about 20–40%.
Unroasted coffee beans of the Robusta variety (Coffea canephora) Vietnam is the world's largest Robusta producer, with Robusta accounting for 97% of Vietnam's coffee output. [12] While not separate varieties of bean, unusual and very expensive robustas are the Indonesian kopi luwak and the Philippine Kapéng Alamid and Kahawa Kubing. [13]
Arabica berries ripen in six to eight months, while robusta takes nine to eleven months. [47] Coffea arabica is predominantly self-pollinating, and as a result, the seedlings are generally uniform and vary little from their parents. In contrast, Coffea canephora, and C. liberica are self-incompatible and require outcrossing.
The flower of a Singararutang coffee tree Coffee berries. The coffee tree averages from 5–10 m (16–33 ft) in height. As the tree gets older, it produces less fruit and slowly loses any pest- and disease-resistance. The coffee beans come from the seeds which contained in fruits from trees and shrubs naturally grown in African forests.
Coffea arabica (/ ə ˈ r æ b ɪ k ə /), also known as the Arabica coffee, is a species of flowering plant in the coffee and madder family Rubiaceae. It is believed to be the first species of coffee to have been cultivated and is the dominant cultivar, representing about 60% of global production. [ 2 ]
Rubiaceae (/ r uː b i ˈ eɪ s iː ˌ iː,-s i ˌ aɪ /) is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family.It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules and sympetalous actinomorphic flowers.
Coffee production in the southern part of the country is 80,000 tons of robusta coffee. One-quarter of the robusta coffee is for domestic consumption in the form of soluble, roasted, powdered, and tinned coffee. [4] According to Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) statistics for 2013, coffee production was 50,000 tons grown on 51,000 hectares.