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The digital environment poses challenges to traditional legal protections for journalists' sources. While protective laws and/or a reporter's commitment shielded the identity of sources in the analogue past, in the age of digital reporting, mass surveillance, mandatory data retention, and disclosure by third party intermediaries, this traditional shield can be penetrated.
To protect the privacy and liberty rights of individuals, federal agencies must state "the authority (whether granted by statute, or by Executive order of the President) which authorizes the solicitation of the information and whether disclosure of such information is mandatory or voluntary" when requesting information.
A "search" occurs for purposes of the Fourth Amendment when the Government violates a person's "reasonable expectation of privacy". [3] In Katz v. United States , 389 U.S. 347 (1967) Justice Harlan issued a concurring opinion articulating the two-prong test later adopted by the U.S. Supreme Court as the test for determining whether a police or ...
Signed into law by President George W. Bush on December 17, 2002 The Confidential Information Protection and Statistical Efficiency Act , (" CIPSEA "), is a United States federal law enacted in 2002 as Title V of the E-Government Act of 2002 ( Pub. L. 107–347 (text) (PDF) , 116 Stat. 2899 , 44 U.S.C. § 101 ).
The law also defined the rights granted to individuals in regards to their financial information including the right to obtain a credit score; the right to know what information is in your financial file; the right to know when your information is being accessed and used; and the right to dispute any inaccurate or incorrect information. [23]
(1) Protect the security and confidentiality of personal information; (2) Protect against any anticipated threats or hazards to the security or integrity of personal information; (3) Protect against unauthorized access to and acquisition of personal information that is likely to result in a material risk of identity theft or other fraud to the ...
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Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks." [4] Since the global surveillance disclosures of 2013, the right to privacy has been a subject of international debate. Government agencies, such as the NSA, FBI, CIA, R&AW, and GCHQ, have engaged in mass, global surveillance.