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Natural language generation (NLG) is a software process that produces natural language output. A widely-cited survey of NLG methods describes NLG as "the subfield of artificial intelligence and computational linguistics that is concerned with the construction of computer systems that can produce understandable texts in English or other human languages from some underlying non-linguistic ...
Natural language processing (NLP) is a subfield of computer science and especially artificial intelligence.It is primarily concerned with providing computers with the ability to process data encoded in natural language and is thus closely related to information retrieval, knowledge representation and computational linguistics, a subfield of linguistics.
Natural-language programming (NLP) is an ontology-assisted way of programming in terms of natural-language sentences, e.g. English. [1] A structured document with Content, sections and subsections for explanations of sentences forms a NLP document, which is actually a computer program. Natural language programming is not to be mixed up with ...
AutoTutor is an intelligent tutoring system developed by researchers at the Institute for Intelligent Systems at the University of Memphis, including Arthur C. Graesser that helps students learn Newtonian physics, computer literacy, and critical thinking topics through tutorial dialogue in natural language.
Conceptual dependency theory is a model of natural language understanding used in artificial intelligence systems.. Roger Schank at Stanford University introduced the model in 1969, in the early days of artificial intelligence. [1]
Explanation-based learning (EBL) is a form of machine learning that exploits a very strong, or even perfect, domain theory (i.e. a formal theory of an application domain akin to a domain model in ontology engineering, not to be confused with Scott's domain theory) in order to make generalizations or form concepts from training examples. [1]
NLP makes use of computers, image scanners, microphones, and many types of software programs. Language technology – consists of natural-language processing (NLP) and computational linguistics (CL) on the one hand, and speech technology on the other. It also includes many application oriented aspects of these.
NLU has been considered an AI-hard problem. [ 2 ] There is considerable commercial interest in the field because of its application to automated reasoning , [ 3 ] machine translation , [ 4 ] question answering , [ 5 ] news-gathering, text categorization , voice-activation , archiving, and large-scale content analysis .