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In mathematics, a norm is a function from a real or complex vector space to the non-negative real numbers that behaves in certain ways like the distance from the origin: it commutes with scaling, obeys a form of the triangle inequality, and is zero only at the origin.
Suppose a vector norm ‖ ‖ on and a vector norm ‖ ‖ on are given. Any matrix A induces a linear operator from to with respect to the standard basis, and one defines the corresponding induced norm or operator norm or subordinate norm on the space of all matrices as follows: ‖ ‖, = {‖ ‖: ‖ ‖ =} = {‖ ‖ ‖ ‖:} . where denotes the supremum.
Restricting this extended norm to the bounded functions (i.e., the functions with finite above extended norm) yields a (finite-valued) norm, called the uniform norm on . Note that the definition of uniform norm does not rely on any additional structure on the set X {\displaystyle X} , although in practice X {\displaystyle X} is often at least a ...
In mathematics, the operator norm measures the "size" of certain linear operators by assigning each a real number called its operator norm. Formally, it is a norm defined on the space of bounded linear operators between two given normed vector spaces .
An example of such a space is the Fréchet space (), whose definition can be found in the article on spaces of test functions and distributions, because its topology is defined by a countable family of norms but it is not a normable space because there does not exist any norm ‖ ‖ on () such that the topology this norm induces is equal to .
In linear algebra, a branch of mathematics, the polarization identity is any one of a family of formulas that express the inner product of two vectors in terms of the norm of a normed vector space. If a norm arises from an inner product then the polarization identity can be used to express this inner product entirely in terms of the norm. The ...
In commutative algebra, the norm of an ideal is a generalization of a norm of an element in the field extension.It is particularly important in number theory since it measures the size of an ideal of a complicated number ring in terms of an ideal in a less complicated ring.
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