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Currently, the American Paint Horse Association categorizes horses as tobiano, solid, "overo", and tovero. [21] The association breaks down "overo" into three categories: Frame, Splash and Sabino. [21] In the past, "overo" was used even more loosely, to refer to spotted animals that were "Paint, but not tobiano". [21]
A frame overo. Overo refers to several genetically unrelated pinto coloration patterns of white-over-dark body markings in horses, and is a term used by the American Paint Horse Association to classify a set of pinto patterns that are not tobiano. Overo is a Spanish word, originally meaning "like an egg". [1]
Splashed white or splash is a horse coat color pattern in the "overo" group of spotting patterns that produces pink-skinned, white markings. Many splashed whites have very modest markings , while others have the distinctive "dipped in white paint" pattern.
The Tovero (also known as Tobero) [1] coloration is a mix of tobiano and overo colorations in Pinto horses and American Paint Horses. The genetics of pinto coloration are not always fully understood, and some horses have a combination of patterns that does not fit cleanly in either category. A tovero horse with blue eyes and "Medicine hat ...
The coloration is almost always present from birth and does not change throughout the horse's lifetime, unless the horse also carries the gray gene. It is a dominant gene, so any tobiano horse must have at least one parent who carries the tobiano gene. Other spotting patterns seen in pinto horses include frame overo, splashed white and sabino.
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A similar effect is observed in pinto horses with both the tobiano and frame overo pattern; these "toveros" often have more white than either tobiano or frame overo-patterned horses. Similarly, two apparently solid-colored horses with separate factors for white markings may produce a foal expressing both, with more white than either parent.
Three horses with different coat colors. Horses exhibit a diverse array of coat colors and distinctive markings. A specialized vocabulary has evolved to describe them. While most horses remain the same color throughout life, a few, over the course of several years, will develop a different coat color from that with which they were born.