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2. Stanhope lens - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanhope_lens

   Stanhope lens with case, early 1800s. A Stanhope lens is a simple, one-piece microscope invented by Charles, the third Earl of Stanhope. It is a cylinder of glass with each end curved outwards, one being more convex than the other. The focal length of the apparatus is at or within the device so that objects to be studied are placed close to or ...

3. Optical instrument - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_instrument

   Vertometer which is used to determine refractive power of lenses such as glasses, contact lenses and magnifier lens DNA sequencers can be considered optical instruments, as they analyse the color and intensity of the light emitted by a fluorochrome attached to a specific nucleotide of a DNA strand.

4. Loupe - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loupe

   A photographic loupe for examining film and prints. A loupe (/ ˈ l uː p / LOOP) is a simple, small magnification device used to see small details more closely. [1] They generally have higher magnification than a magnifying glass, and are designed to be held or worn close to the eye.

5. Magnification - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnification

   A magnifying glass, which uses a positive (convex) lens to make things look bigger by allowing the user to hold them closer to their eye. A telescope , which uses its large objective lens or primary mirror to create an image of a distant object and then allows the user to examine the image closely with a smaller eyepiece lens, thus making the ...

6. Magnifying glass - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnifying_glass

   The object will then typically also be close to the lens. The magnifying power obtained in this condition is MP 0 = (0.25 m)Φ + 1, where Φ is the optical power in dioptres, and the factor of 0.25 m represents the assumed near point (¼ m from the eye). This value of the magnifying power is the one normally used to characterize magnifiers.

7. Optical microscope - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_microscope

   A simple microscope uses a lens or set of lenses to enlarge an object through angular magnification alone, giving the viewer an erect enlarged virtual image. [1] [2] The use of a single convex lens or groups of lenses are found in simple magnification devices such as the magnifying glass, loupes, and eyepieces for telescopes and microscopes.