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ka tama-ŋɔ river-prox. in- ka this ka tama- ā -ŋɔ river-pl-prox. in- ka - ā these ka tama-ŋɔ in- ka / ka tama- ā -ŋɔ in- ka - ā river-prox. this / river-pl-prox. these In this example, what is copied is not a prefix, but rather the initial syllable of the head "river". By language Languages can have no conventional agreement whatsoever, as in Japanese or Malay ; barely any, as in ...
Robert Lowth stated in his grammar textbook A Short Introduction to English Grammar (1762) that "two negatives in English destroy one another, or are equivalent to an affirmative". [19] Grammarians have assumed that Latin was the model for Lowth and other early grammarians in prescribing against negative concord, as Latin does not feature it.
The nasal permutation caused by the class 8 adjectival concord is probably due to false analogy with the class 10 forms (in isiXhosa, for example, the class 8 concord does not cause nasal permutation). Being formed from the relative concord followed by the class prefix, they therefore have the tonal pattern [¯ _ ].
For example, in the word [kʼɪ'ɑliˌdumedisɑ] Ke•a•le•dumedisa ('I•greet•you[pl]') the stem is the verb stem [dumɛlɑ]-dumel(a) ('agree') surrounded by the subjectival concord [kʼɪ] ke-(first person singular), the present definite positive indicative infix marker [ɑ]-a-, the objectival concord [lɪ]-le-(third person plural ...
It is effectively an agreement of words with the sense, instead of the morphosyntactic form, a type of form-meaning mismatch. [1] Examples: One hundred dollars is the cost of rent. If the band are popular, they will play next month. Here, the plural pronoun they and the plural verb form are co-refer with the singular noun band.
Contrast the last example with [bɑtʰʊbɑbɑhʊlʊ] batho ba baholo [_ _ ! ¯ _ ¯ _ ] ('the large people'), where the relative concord has an irregular extra-high tone and does not raise the second low tone ba, and there is a downstep between the two words which is not heard in the copulative. In the case of relatives, the subjectival ...
In isiZulu the forms are very predictable, with suffixes of the form aCa generally changing to eCe (aCa + ile ⇒; aiCe ⇒; eCe). ^ The fact that this is indeed the simple copulative (and not just a prefix that happens to be allomorphic with it) is evidenced by looking at these verbs in a language such as isiZulu where the simple copulative is much more complicated and yet coincides perfectly ...
English is spoken worldwide, and the Standard Written English grammar generally taught in schools around the world will vary only slightly. Nonetheless, disputes can sometimes arise: for example, it is a matter of some debate in India whether British, American, or Indian English is the best form to use. [29] [30] [failed verification]
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