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James Flint (Chinese name: 洪任輝, Hóng Rènhuī, 1720 — unknown) [1] was an 18th-century British merchant and diplomat employed by the East India Company and noted for his role in precipitating the Canton System of Chinese trade with the West.
Englishman James Flint, a long-term East India Company supercargo and a fluent speaker of Chinese, [17] became the focus of the impetus for change. Flint had been repeatedly warned to remain in Canton during the trading season and not to venture north in search of commercial opportunities.
The Thirteen Factories, the area of Guangzhou to which China's Western trade was restricted from 1757 to 1842 The gardens of the American factory at Guangzhou c. 1845. The Old China Trade (Chinese: 舊中國貿易) refers to the early commerce between the Qing Empire and the United States under the Canton System, spanning from shortly after the end of the American Revolutionary War in 1783 to ...
c. 1785 sketch for William Daniell's 1806 The European Factories, Canton William Daniell's c. 1805 View of the Canton Factories The factories c. 1807 The 1822 fire The ruins of the initial factories after the 1822 fire European Factories at Canton (c. 1840) by Auguste Borget The layout of the factories just before the 1841 fire British troops welcoming Viceroy Kiyeng after the Expedition to ...
According to John Phipps, author of the 19th century Practical Treatise on the China and Eastern Trade, the merchant Poankeequa (潘启官) [3]: 85 founded the guild in the 1790s, although Chinese historian Immanuel C.Y. Hsu cites an earlier date of 1738. [4]
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Macartney himself became ridiculed, with caricatures showing him debasing himself before the Emperor. Macartney became more hostile and negative towards China in his later writings, saying China's power was an illusion and that Qing China would decline and eventually collapse. Macartney predicted that China might collapse within his lifetime. [35]
Valued at $39 billion, the second biggest category of goods the US imported from China last year was computer equipment. That includes tablets, laptops, monitors and essentially all the components ...