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Seismic data, or a seismogram, may be considered as a convolution of the source wavelet, the reflectivity and noise. [5] Its deconvolution is usually implemented as a convolution with an inverse filter. Various well-known deconvolution techniques already exist for one dimension, such as predictive deconvolution, Kalman filtering and ...
Deconvolution maps to division in the Fourier co-domain. This allows deconvolution to be easily applied with experimental data that are subject to a Fourier transform. An example is NMR spectroscopy where the data are recorded in the time domain, but analyzed in the frequency domain. Division of the time-domain data by an exponential function ...
For land acquisition, different types of sources may be used depending on the acquisition settings. Explosive sources such as dynamite are the preferred seismic sources in rough terrains, in areas with high topographic variability or in environmentally sensitive areas e.g. marshes, farming fields, mountainous regions etc. [4] Such type of sources needs to be buried (coupled) into the ground in ...
The method is also most effective when the seismic event causing the waves occurs significantly below the Moho, which is important to avoid surface interference. [ 4 ] Over time, several seismic events can occur in the same geographic area, with each event causing a corresponding vertical waveform and horizontal waveform.
Seismic data acquisition is the first of the three distinct stages of seismic exploration, the other two being seismic data processing and seismic interpretation. [ 28 ] Seismic surveys are typically designed by National oil companies and International oil companies who hire service companies such as CGG , Petroleum Geo-Services and WesternGeco ...
In geophysics, vertical seismic profile (VSP) is a technique of seismic measurements used for correlation with surface seismic data. The defining characteristic of a VSP (of which there are many types) is that either the energy source, or the detectors (or sometimes both) are in a borehole .
Seismic, well logs and other input data are each represented as a probability density function (PDF), which provides a geostatistical description based on histograms and variograms. Together these define the chances of a particular value at a particular location, and the expected geological scale and composition throughout the modeled area.
The seismic data is then carefully processed to preserve seismic amplitudes and accurately determine the spatial coordinates of each sample. This allows a geophysicist to construct a group of traces with a range of offsets that all sample the same subsurface location in order to perform AVO analysis.