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Philips' Planisphere, ca. 1900. In astronomy, a planisphere (/ ˈ p l eɪ. n ɪ ˌ s f ɪər, ˈ p l æ n. ɪ-/) is a star chart analog computing instrument in the form of two adjustable disks that rotate on a common pivot. It can be adjusted to display the visible stars for any time and date.
11th century – Planisphere invented by Biruni [7] 11th century – Universal latitude-independent astrolabe invented by Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī (Arzachel) [8] 1023 – Hamedan observatory in Persia; c. 1030 – Treasury of Optics by Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) of Iraq and Egypt; 1074–92 – Malikshah Observatory at Isfahan used by ...
Planisphere or Planisphaerium, a 2nd-century AD book by Claudius Ptolemy about mapping the celestial sphere onto a flat plane using the stereographic projection to make a star chart Planispheric astrolabe , a device consisting of a planisphere joined to a dioptra, used for observing stars and performing astronomical calculations
1285–1300 spectacles are invented. [11] 1570 — The writings of Thomas Digges describes how his father, English mathematician and surveyor Leonard Digges (1520–1559), made use of a "proportional Glass" to view distant objects and people.
Evans, James (1998), The History and Practice of Ancient Astronomy, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-509539-1 Stöffler, Johannes (2007) [First published 1513], Stoeffler's Elucidatio – The Construction and Use of the Astrolabe [ Elucidatio Fabricae Ususque Astrolabii ], translated by Gunella, Alessandro; Lamprey, John, John Lamprey, ISBN ...
Cantino planisphere, 1502, Biblioteca Estense, Modena. The Cantino planisphere or Cantino world map is the earliest surviving map showing Portuguese discoveries in the east and west. It is named after Alberto Cantino, an agent for the Duke of Ferrara, who successfully smuggled it from Portugal to Italy in 1502.
[1] They also invented an automatic flute player which appears to have been the first programmable machine. [2] c. 1000 Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī invented the Planisphere, an analog computer. [3] He also invented the first mechanical lunisolar calendar which employed a gear train and eight gear-wheels. [4]
If the World Were a Village: A Book about the World's People, CitizenKid, by David J. Smith and Shelagh Armstrong (March 1, 2002), ISBN 978-1550747799 David Smith's Mapping the World By Heart , Fablevision Learning, Dedham, MA; (July 2010), ISBN 978-1891405655