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One such example is the treatment of inhalation of toxic hydrofluoric acid (HF) vapors. [8] Calcium gluconate is a first-line treatment for HF exposure to the skin. By using a nebulizer, calcium gluconate is delivered to the lungs as an aerosol to counteract the toxicity of inhaled HF vapors.
Formulations of delayed-release budesonide are an effective treatment for mild-to-moderately active Crohn's disease involving the ileum and/or ascending colon. [25] A Cochrane review found evidence for up to three months (but not longer) of maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease, concluding that budesonide is not effective for maintenance of remission in CD.
Potentially serious side effects include urinary retention, worsening spasms of the airways, and a severe allergic reaction. [3] It appears to be safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding . [ 3 ] [ 9 ] Ipratropium is a short-acting muscarinic antagonist , [ 10 ] which works by causing smooth muscles to relax.
Serious side effects may include worsening asthma, anaphylaxis, seizures, and heart problems. [5] Safety in pregnancy and breastfeeding is unclear. [ 6 ] Fluticasone, a corticosteroid , works by decreasing inflammation while salmeterol, a long-acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist (LABA), works by activating beta-2 adrenergic receptors .
An inhaler (puffer, asthma pump or allergy spray) is a medical device used for delivering medicines into the lungs through the work of a person's breathing. This allows medicines to be delivered to and absorbed in the lungs, which provides the ability for targeted medical treatment to this specific region of the body, as well as a reduction in the side effects of oral medications.
Pulmonary drug delivery is mainly utilized for topical applications in the lungs, such as the use of inhaled beta-agonists, corticosteroids and anticholinergic agents for the treatment of asthma and COPD, the use of inhaled mucolytics and antibiotics for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CT) and respiratory viral infections, [1] and the use of inhaled prostacyclin analogs for the treatment of ...
More severe effects, such as pulmonary edema, myocardial ischemia, and cardiac arrhythmia, are exceptional.) [6] [7] [1] Overuse of β 2 agonists and asthma treatment without proper inhaled corticosteroid use has been associated with an increased risk of asthma exacerbations and asthma-related hospitalizations. [ 8 ]
Pentamidine can be given by injection into a vein or muscle or by inhalation. [1] Common side effects of the injectable form include low blood sugar, pain at the site of injection, nausea, vomiting, low blood pressure, and kidney problems. [1] Common side effects of the inhaled form include wheezing, cough, and nausea. [1]