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One such example is the treatment of inhalation of toxic hydrofluoric acid (HF) vapors. [8] Calcium gluconate is a first-line treatment for HF exposure to the skin. By using a nebulizer, calcium gluconate is delivered to the lungs as an aerosol to counteract the toxicity of inhaled HF vapors.
Formulations of delayed-release budesonide are an effective treatment for mild-to-moderately active Crohn's disease involving the ileum and/or ascending colon. [25] A Cochrane review found evidence for up to three months (but not longer) of maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease, concluding that budesonide is not effective for maintenance of remission in CD.
Potentially serious side effects include urinary retention, worsening spasms of the airways, and a severe allergic reaction. [3] It appears to be safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding . [ 3 ] [ 9 ] Ipratropium is a short-acting muscarinic antagonist , [ 10 ] which works by causing smooth muscles to relax.
Serious side effects may include worsening asthma, anaphylaxis, seizures, and heart problems. [5] Safety in pregnancy and breastfeeding is unclear. [ 6 ] Fluticasone, a corticosteroid , works by decreasing inflammation while salmeterol, a long-acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist (LABA), works by activating beta-2 adrenergic receptors .
Methoxyflurane, sold under the brand name Penthrox among others, is an inhaled medication primarily used to reduce pain following trauma. [5] [6] It may also be used for short episodes of pain as a result of medical procedures. [4]
Pulmonary drug delivery is mainly utilized for topical applications in the lungs, such as the use of inhaled beta-agonists, corticosteroids and anticholinergic agents for the treatment of asthma and COPD, the use of inhaled mucolytics and antibiotics for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CT) and respiratory viral infections, [1] and the use of inhaled prostacyclin analogs for the treatment of ...
An inhaler (puffer, asthma pump or allergy spray) is a medical device used for delivering medicines into the lungs through the work of a person's breathing. This allows medicines to be delivered to and absorbed in the lungs, which provides the ability for targeted medical treatment to this specific region of the body, as well as a reduction in the side effects of oral medications.
Rarer side effects may indicate a dangerous allergic reaction. These include: paradoxical bronchospasm (shortness of breath and difficulty breathing); skin itching, rash, or hives ( urticaria ); swelling ( angioedema ) of any part of the face or throat (which can lead to voice hoarseness ), or swelling of the extremities.