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  2. Antinuclear antibody - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antinuclear_antibody

    [10] On the other hand, they say, although 95% of the patients who actually have lupus test positive for ANA, "Only a small percentage have a negative ANA, and many of those have other antibodies (such as anti-phospholipid antibodies, anti-Ro, anti-SSA) or their ANA converted from positive to negative from steroids, cytotoxic medications, or ...

  3. Social norm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_norm

    It can be described as something negative to the self as well as a negative state of feeling. Used in both instances, it is both an unpleasant feeling as well as a form of self-punishment. Using the metaphor of "dirty hands", [38] it is the staining or tainting of oneself and therefore having to self cleanse away the filth. It is a form of ...

  4. Normalization (sociology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normalization_(sociology)

    The concept of normalization can be found in the work of Michel Foucault, especially Discipline and Punish, in the context of his account of disciplinary power.As Foucault used the term, normalization involved the construction of an idealized norm of conduct – for example, the way a proper soldier ideally should stand, march, present arms, and so on, as defined in minute detail – and then ...

  5. Antipositivism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipositivism

    In social science, antipositivism (also interpretivism, negativism [citation needed] or antinaturalism) is a theoretical stance which proposes that the social realm cannot be studied with the methods of investigation utilized within the natural sciences, and that investigation of the social realm requires a different epistemology.

  6. Deviance (sociology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deviance_(sociology)

    Deviance or the sociology of deviance [1] [2] explores the actions or behaviors that violate social norms across formally enacted rules (e.g., crime) [3] as well as informal violations of social norms (e.g., rejecting folkways and mores). Although deviance may have a negative connotation, the violation of social norms is not always a negative ...

  7. Manifest and latent functions and dysfunctions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manifest_and_latent...

    Manifest functions are the consequences that people see, observe or even expect. It is explicitly stated and understood by the participants in the relevant action. The manifest function of a rain dance, according to Merton in his 1957 Social Theory and Social Structure, is to produce rain, and this outcome is intended and desired by people participating in the ritual.

  8. Social network analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_network_analysis

    A positive edge between two nodes denotes a positive relationship (friendship, alliance, dating), and a negative edge denotes a negative relationship (hatred, anger). Signed social network graphs can be used to predict the future evolution of the graph. In signed social networks, there is the concept of "balanced" and "unbalanced" cycles.

  9. Normative social influence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normative_social_influence

    The need for a positive relationship with the people around leads us to conformity. [4] This fact often leads to people exhibiting public compliance—but not necessarily private acceptance—of the group's social norms in order to be accepted by the group. [5] Social norms refers to the unwritten rules that govern social behavior. [6]