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When magnesium burns, it combines with oxygen (O 2) from the air to form magnesium oxide (MgO) according to the following equation: + () Magnesium oxide is an ionic compound containing Mg 2+ and O 2− ions whereas Mg (s) and O 2(g) are elements with no
Magnesium oxide (Mg O), or magnesia, is a white hygroscopic solid mineral that occurs naturally as periclase and is a source of magnesium (see also oxide). It has an empirical formula of MgO and consists of a lattice of Mg 2+ ions and O 2− ions held together by ionic bonding .
Aluminium chloride, also known as aluminium trichloride, is an inorganic compound with the formula AlCl 3. It forms a hexahydrate with the formula [Al(H 2 O) 6 ]Cl 3 , containing six water molecules of hydration .
The oxide was heated with aluminium in a crucible in a furnace. The runaway reaction made it possible to produce only small quantities of material. Hans Goldschmidt improved the aluminothermic process between 1893 and 1898, by igniting the mixture of fine metal oxide and aluminium powder by a starter reaction without heating the mixture externally.
The Hall–Héroult process is the major industrial process for smelting aluminium. It involves dissolving aluminium oxide (alumina) (obtained most often from bauxite , aluminium 's chief ore, through the Bayer process ) in molten cryolite and electrolyzing the molten salt bath, typically in a purpose-built cell.
Chloride inclusions (MgCl 2, NaCl, CaCl 2, …) are a special type of inclusion as they are liquid in liquid metal. When aluminium solidifies, they form spherical voids similar to hydrogen gas porosity but the void contains a chloride crystal formed when aluminium became colder.
The Bayer process is the principal industrial means of refining bauxite to produce alumina (aluminium oxide) and was developed by Carl Josef Bayer. Bauxite, the most important ore of aluminium , contains only 30–60% aluminium oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), the rest being a mixture of silica , various iron oxides , and titanium dioxide . [ 1 ]
Magnesium oxide is the end product of the thermal decomposition of some magnesium compounds and is usually prepared by igniting carbonates or hydroxides. Magnesium hydroxide is a strong electrolyte, which can be obtained by the reaction of a soluble magnesium salt and sodium hydroxide.