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A key generator [1] [2] [3] is a protocol or algorithm that is used in many cryptographic protocols to generate a sequence with many pseudo-random characteristics. This sequence is used as an encryption key at one end of communication, and as a decryption key at the other.
Symmetric-key algorithms use a single shared key; keeping data secret requires keeping this key secret. Public-key algorithms use a public key and a private key. The public key is made available to anyone (often by means of a digital certificate). A sender encrypts data with the receiver's public key; only the holder of the private key can ...
In cryptography, a product cipher combines two or more transformations in a manner intending that the resulting cipher is more secure than the individual components to make it resistant to cryptanalysis. [1] The product cipher combines a sequence of simple transformations such as substitution (S-box), permutation (P-box), and modular arithmetic.
Certificate revocation is "an important tool" for dealing with attacks and accidental compromises. RFC 9325 places a normative requirement on TLS implementations to have some means of distrusting certificates. [9] Without revocation, an attacker can use a compromised certificate to impersonate its owner until expiry. [4]
The most common reason for revocation is the user no longer being in sole possession of the private key (e.g., the token containing the private key has been lost or stolen). Hold This reversible status can be used to note the temporary invalidity of the certificate (e.g., if the user is unsure if the private key has been lost).
A user Alice can doubly encrypt a message using another user's (Bob) public key and his (Bob's) identity.. This means that the user (Bob) cannot decrypt it without a currently valid certificate and also that the certificate authority cannot decrypt the message as they don't have the user's private key (i.e., there is no implicit escrow as with ID-based cryptography, as the double encryption ...
The first party, Alice, generates a key pair as follows: Generate an efficient description of a cyclic group of order with generator. Let represent the identity element of . It is not necessary to come up with a group and generator for each new key.
As the name suggests, CCM mode combines counter (CTR) mode for confidentiality with cipher block chaining message authentication code (CBC-MAC) for authentication. These two primitives are applied in an "authenticate-then-encrypt" manner: CBC-MAC is first computed on the message to obtain a message authentication code (MAC), then the message and the MAC are encrypted using counter mode.