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  2. Ox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ox

    An ox (pl.: oxen), also known as a bullock (in British, Australian, and Indian English), [1] is a large bovine, trained and used as a draft animal. Oxen are commonly castrated adult male cattle, because castration inhibits testosterone and aggression, which makes the males docile and safer to work with.

  3. Boustrophedon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boustrophedon

    The original term comes from Ancient Greek: βουστροφηδόν, boustrophēdón, a composite of βοῦς, bous, "ox"; στροφή, strophḗ, "turn"; and the adverbial suffix - δόν, - dón, "like, in the manner of" – that is, "like the ox turns [while plowing]". [2] It is mostly seen in ancient manuscripts and other inscriptions.

  4. Plough - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plough

    A plough or plow (both pronounced / p l aʊ /) is a farm tool for loosening or turning the soil before sowing seed or planting. [1] Ploughs were traditionally drawn by oxen and horses but modern ploughs are drawn by tractors. A plough may have a wooden, iron or steel frame with a blade attached to cut and loosen the soil.

  5. Oxgang - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxgang

    It may have originated from the typical length of a mediaeval ox-goad. There are 4 rods in one chain. The furlong (meaning furrow length) was the distance a team of oxen could plough without resting. This was standardised to be exactly 40 rods or 10 chains. An acre was the amount of land tillable by one man behind one team of eight oxen in one day.

  6. Furlong - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furlong

    It may have originated from the typical length of a mediaeval ox-goad. There are 4 rods in one chain. The furlong (meaning furrow length) was the distance a team of oxen could plough without resting. This was standardised to be exactly 40 rods or 10 chains. An acre was the amount of land tillable by one man behind one team of eight oxen in one day.

  7. Tillage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tillage

    The wooden plow was then invented. (It is difficult to pinpoint the exact date of its invention. However, the earliest evidence of plow usage dates back to around 4000 BCE in Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) [timeframe?]. It could be pulled with human labor, or by mule, ox, elephant, water buffalo, or a similar sturdy animal.

  8. Carucate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carucate

    It may have originated from the typical length of a mediaeval ox-goad. There are 4 rods in one chain. The furlong (meaning furrow length) was the distance a team of oxen could plough without resting. This was standardised to be exactly 40 rods or 10 chains. An acre was the amount of land tillable by one man behind one team of eight oxen in one day.

  9. Ard (plough) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard_(plough)

    Single-handled ox-drawn ard; Bronze Age rock carving, Bohuslän, Sweden. Evidence of its use in prehistory is sometimes found at archaeological sites where the long, shallow scratches (ard marks) it makes can be seen cutting into the subsoil. The ard first appears in the mid-Neolithic and is closely related to the domestication of cattle. It ...