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Imperative programming – explicit statements that change a program state; Logic programming – uses explicit mathematical logic for programming; Metaprogramming – writing programs that write or manipulate other programs (or themselves) as their data, or that do part of the work at compile time that would otherwise be done at runtime
Class-based object-oriented programming languages support objects defined by their class. Class definitions include member data. Message passing is a key concept, if not the main concept, in object-oriented languages. Polymorphic functions parameterized by the class of some of their arguments are typically called methods.
It is an OODL based inspired heavily by Objective-C, though with a syntax based somewhat on C++. Compiles to its own bytecode, and is strongly typed. [2] JavaScript: 1995: Brendan Eich : Created as Mocha and LiveScript, announced in 1995, shipped the next year as JavaScript.
In fixed format code, line indentation is significant. Columns 1–6 and columns from 73 onwards are ignored. If a * or / is in column 7, then that line is a comment. Until COBOL 2002, if a D or d was in column 7, it would define a "debugging line" which would be ignored unless the compiler was instructed to compile it. Cobra
This is an index to notable programming languages, in current or historical use. Dialects of BASIC, esoteric programming languages, and markup languages are not included. A programming language does not need to be imperative or Turing-complete, but must be executable and so does not include markup languages such as HTML or XML, but does include domain-specific languages such as SQL and its ...
C++ is an example of a language that supports both inner classes and inner types (via typedef declarations). [30] [31] A local class is a class defined within a procedure or function. Such structure limits references to the class name to within the scope where the class is declared.
The syntax of a computer program is a list of production rules which form its grammar. [96] A programming language's grammar correctly places its declarations, expressions, and statements. [97] Complementing the syntax of a language are its semantics. The semantics describe the meanings attached to various syntactic constructs. [98]
For example, class Employee might inherit from class Person. All the data and methods available to the parent class also appear in the child class with the same names. For example, class Person might define variables "first_name" and "last_name" with method "make_full_name()".