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In electromagnetism, the Lorenz gauge condition or Lorenz gauge (after Ludvig Lorenz) is a partial gauge fixing of the electromagnetic vector potential by requiring = The name is frequently confused with Hendrik Lorentz , who has given his name to many concepts in this field. [ 1 ] (
A particular choice of the scalar and vector potentials is a gauge (more precisely, gauge potential) and a scalar function ψ used to change the gauge is called a gauge function. [citation needed] The existence of arbitrary numbers of gauge functions ψ(r, t) corresponds to the U(1) gauge freedom of this theory. Gauge fixing can be done in many ...
The Liénard–Wiechert potentials describe the classical electromagnetic effect of a moving electric point charge in terms of a vector potential and a scalar potential in the Lorenz gauge. Stemming directly from Maxwell's equations , these describe the complete, relativistically correct, time-varying electromagnetic field for a point charge in ...
The transformations between possible gauges, called gauge transformations, form a Lie group—referred to as the symmetry group or the gauge group of the theory. Associated with any Lie group is the Lie algebra of group generators. For each group generator there necessarily arises a corresponding field (usually a vector field) called the gauge ...
A gauge theory is a type of theory in physics.The word gauge means a measurement, a thickness, an in-between distance (as in railroad tracks), or a resulting number of units per certain parameter (a number of loops in an inch of fabric or a number of lead balls in a pound of ammunition). [1]
This template creates a vertical bar chart for a set of data of your choosing, for example, charting population demographics of a location. Up to twenty graphical bars can be used along with specified colors. The graph's width is set by default, but can be changed, as well as the large and small scales.
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The template formats a track gauge size into standard notation and adds the conversion into the imperial/metric (other) size Template parameters [Edit template data] Parameter Description Type Status Track gauge definition 1 Defined track gauge, in mm or ft in. Also can accept: ' '', m, gauge name String required Link top measurement units lk =on: adds link to the gauge defining article String ...