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The ji (pronunciation: , English approximation: / dʒ iː / jee, Chinese: 戟; pinyin: jǐ) was a Chinese polearm, sometimes translated into English as spear [1] or halberd, [2] though they are conceptually different weapons.
One of the Eight Great Surnames of Chinese Antiquity, Ji 姞 is an uncommon surname today. It is not listed in the Song dynasty classic text Hundred Family Surnames. [2] The Ji clan is said to have descended from the Yellow Emperor. Bo Tiao , a leader of the clan, was enfeoffed at Southern Yan (南燕, in modern Weihui, Henan).
Ji is the pinyin romanization of a number of distinct Chinese surnames that are written with different characters in Chinese. Depending on the character, it may be spelled Jī, Jí, Jǐ, or Jì when tone diacritics are used. In Wade–Giles they are romanized as Chi.
According to the Song dynasty text Lushi, a lineage that descended from Yu the Great was enfeoffed at Ji 计, and adopted it as their surname. [3]According to the Qing dynasty genealogy text Xingshi Kaolue (姓氏考略), another source of the Ji surname was the Zhou dynasty Dongyi state of Ju, whose capital was at Jijin (计斤, in present-day Jiaozhou, Shandong).
Ji 纪 originated from the ancient state of Ji in present-day Shouguang, Shandong province. In 690 BC, Ji was conquered and annexed by Duke Xiang of the neighbouring state of Qi, and the people of Ji adopted the name of their former state as their surname. The Ji 纪 surname is a branch of Jiang 姜, the surname of ruling clan of the Ji state ...
The people of Ji subsequently adopted the name of their former state as their surname. [4] [5] 2. After Jin conquered the state of Ji, the Duke of Jin enfeoffed his minister Xi Rui (郤芮, died 636 BC) at Ji, Xi Rui was subsequently also called Ji Rui, and his descendants adopted the name of his fief as their surname. [4] [5] 3.
Boyan was in charge of government records, and was commonly referred to as Ji Yan (ji 籍 means record). His descendants adopted Ji as their surname. [3] During the Chu–Han Contention, many people surnamed Ji 籍 changed their surname to Xi 席 because of naming taboo of Xiang Yu, the Hegemon-King of Western Chu, whose given name was Ji 籍. [3]
As of 2008, Ji 吉 is the 195th most common surname in China, shared by 490,000 people, or 0.04% of the Chinese population. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] It is concentrated in the provinces of Jiangsu , Shandong , Shanxi , and Hainan , which together account for 50% of the total, including 15% in Jiangsu alone.