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Duodji is a traditional Sami handicraft, dating back to a time when the Sami were far more isolated from the outside world than they are today. [1] [2] [3] Duodji tools, clothing, and accessories are intended to be primarily functional, [4] [5] but may also incorporate artistic elements. [6]
Sámi clothing is clothing used by the Sámi. The style of clothing they use varies among regions and language groups, but there are many common or similar elements. Traditional elements are often included in modern Sámi clothing to signify Sámi identity. [1] [2] Elements and outfits (using the Northern Sámi language terms) include:
New settlers from the south of Sweden did not arrive until the second half of the 18th century. Because of that, Sámi tradition and culture has been well preserved. Sámi people living in the south of Norrbotten, Sweden, use the city for Reindeer herding during the summer. During winter they move the Reindeers to the coast, to Piteå.
The Sami Siida of North America (Northern Sami: Davvi-Amerihká Sámi Siida) is a loosely organized group of regional communities, primarily in Canada and the United States, who share the Sámi culture and heritage from the arctic and sub-arctic regions of Norway, Sweden, Finland and the Kola Peninsula of Russia.
Lule Sámi politician Lars Filip Paulsen in traditional Lule Sámi clothing (gáppte). Lule Sámi people (Lule Sámi: julevsáme) are a group of Sámi people in Sweden and Norway who speak the Lule Sámi language. In Sweden, they traditionally live in Jokkmokk, Gällivare and Nothern Arjeplog, and in Norway, in Northern Salten.
The act was modeled in part on Norwegian and Swedish policies on the ownership of reindeer by the Sami people of Sápmi. Many Sámi had recently arrived in Alaska to manage the reindeer in the 1930s. As a result of the act, Alaskan Sámi were required to sell their herds to the government at $3 per head.
"Gákti" is the Northern Sámi term for the clothing. The following terms in other Sami languages do not refer to the Northern Sami gákti, but their own clothing: South Sámi: gaeptie [1] /gapta/gåptoe. Ume Sámi: gápttie. Pite Sámi: gáppte, gåppto. Lule Sámi: gáppte/gábdde. Inari Sámi: mááccuh [2] Skolt Sámi: määccaǩ [2]
The boundary agreement between Sweden and Norway (Stromstad Treaty of 1751) had an annex, frequently called Lapp Codicil of 1751, Lappkodicillen or "Sami Magna Carta". It has the same meaning for Sámi even today (or at least till 2005), but is only a convention between Sweden and Norway and does not include Finland and Russia.