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A justice of the peace in Taos County, New Mexico, United States, hears a case (1941). A justice of the peace (JP) is a judicial officer of a lower court, elected or appointed by means of a commission (letters patent) to keep the peace. In past centuries the term commissioner of the peace was often used with the same meaning.
In the larger towns, the justices are almost always lawyers. The official title for judges in justice courts is "Justice", the same as in New York Supreme Court. However, in common usage, most people, including lawyers, call them "Judge". As of 2006, the system included 1,971 justices in 1,250 courts. [1]
The New York State Court of Appeals is the state's highest court. In civil cases, appeals are taken almost exclusively from decisions of the Appellate Divisions. In criminal cases, depending on the type of case and the part of the state in which it arose, appeals can be heard from decisions of the Appellate Division, the Appellate Term, and the County Court.
In some states, such as Texas, Kentucky, and Arkansas a "justice of the peace" is a legislative office equivalent to a county commissioner, not a judicial office. For justices of the peace who serve as county commissioners see: County commissioners in the United States .
The Court of Common Pleas, founded in 1686, in the City of New York, extended in 1691 throughout the State, restricted again in 1846 to the City of New York, and finally, in accordance with the amended State Constitution of 1894, passing out of existence on the thirty-first of December, 1895, was the oldest judicial tribunal in the state of New ...
The Queens County Criminal Courts Building houses justices and courtrooms of the New York Supreme Court. The New York Supreme Court is the oldest Supreme Court with general original jurisdiction. It was established as the Supreme Court of Judicature by the Province of New York on May 6, 1691. That court was continued by the State of New York ...
The New York City Criminal Courts Building in Manhattan. The Criminal Court of the City of New York handles misdemeanors (generally, crimes punishable by fine or imprisonment of up to one year) and lesser offenses, and also conducts arraignments (initial court appearances following arrest) and preliminary hearings in felony cases (generally, more serious offenses punishable by imprisonment of ...
Bertha Rembaugh: [214] First female Justice of the Peace for Huntington, New York (1938-1945) [Suffolk County, New York] Catherine T. England (1940): [ 12 ] First female Judge of the Suffolk County Family Court and first female Justice of the Suffolk County Supreme Court