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In early January 1878, the West army group Gurko successfully crossed the Balkan Mountains. Parts of the group was to focus on Yana village. The Orhaniye Ottoman army after the Battle of Tashkessen retired to the Sofia area. Western group Gurko passed to operation Orhaniye to defeat the Ottoman army, according to the plan for final action in ...
According to Ottoman official records, the total number of refugees from the lands ceded in 1878 to the Principality of Bulgaria, Eastern Rumelia, Serbia, Romania and Austria-Hungary (from Bosnia) from 1876 to 1879 stands at 571,152 people: 276,389 in 1876, 198,000 in 1877, 76,000 in 1878 and 20,763 in 1879. [104]
Battle of Vranje took place between 26 and 31 January 1878 and it represented final stage of the Second war. The second phase, known as the Second Serbian–Ottoman War (Други српско-турски рат / Drugi srpsko-turski rat), took place between 13 December 1877 and 5 February 1878. It ended with a Serbian victory.
The conclusion of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) and the Congress of Berlin 1878 left Bulgaria divided into two sections. The area north of the Balkan Mountains and Sofia became an autonomous principality. Eastern Rumelia between the Balkan and Rhodope mountains gained semi-autonomous status with an Ottoman appointed Christian governor.
In 1355 the Ottomans launched a campaign towards Sofia, but were soon engaged by the army of Ivan Alexander's eldest son and heir Michael Asen close to Ihtiman. In the following battle both sides suffered heavy casualties and, despite the death of young Michael Asen, the Turks were unable to reach Sofia. [16]
The first decade of the century saw sustained prosperity, with steady urban growth. The capital of Sofia grew by a factor of 600% from 20,000 population in 1878 to 120,000 in 1912, primarily from peasants who arrived from the villages to become labourers tradesmen and office seekers.
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Area of city: 42 square kilometers. [9] 1940 – Sofia Court House built on Vitosha Boulevard. 1943 – Bombing of Sofia in World War II by Allied forces. 1944 – Bombing of Sofia in World War II by Allied forces. 1946 – City becomes capital of the People's Republic of Bulgaria. 1949 – Sofia Power Plant commissioned.