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Glycogenesis is the process of glycogen synthesis or the process of converting glucose into glycogen in which glucose molecules are added to chains of glycogen for storage. This process is activated during rest periods following the Cori cycle , in the liver , and also activated by insulin in response to high glucose levels .
Conversely, glycogenesis is enhanced and glycogenolysis inhibited when there are high levels of insulin in the blood. [ 15 ] The level of circulatory glucose (known informally as "blood sugar"), as well as the detection of nutrients in the Duodenum is the most important factor determining the amount of glucagon or insulin produced.
Glycogen synthase (UDP-glucose-glycogen glucosyltransferase) is a key enzyme in glycogenesis, the conversion of glucose into glycogen. It is a glycosyltransferase ( EC 2.4.1.11 ) that catalyses the reaction of UDP-glucose and (1,4- α - D -glucosyl) n to yield UDP and (1,4- α - D -glucosyl) n+1 .
This article is missing information about relation to gluconeogenesis (somehow few recent sources talk about both terms in the same article, I wonder why). Please expand the article to include this information.
In glycogenesis, free glucose 1-phosphate can also react with UTP to form UDP-glucose, [5] by using the enzyme UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. It can then return to the greater glycogen structure via glycogen synthase. [5]
The enzyme glycogenin (GYG) is needed to create initial short glycogen chains, which are lengthened and branched by the other enzymes of glycogenesis. Once eight glucose have been added to the glycogen chain, then glycogen synthase (GYS) can bind to the growing glycogen chain and add UDP-glucose to lengthen the glucogen chain.
UTP—glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase is an enzyme found in all three domains (bacteria, eukarya, and archaea) as it is a key player in glycogenesis and cell wall synthesis. Its role in sugar metabolism has been studied extensively in plants in order to understand plant growth and increase agricultural production.
Glycogenin is an enzyme involved in converting glucose to glycogen.It acts as a primer, by polymerizing the first few glucose molecules, after which other enzymes take over.