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Big Bear (Mistahi-maskwa, ᒥᐢᑕᐦᐃᒪᐢᑿ in syllabics) was born in 1824 in Jackfish Lake, near the future site of Battleford.His father, Muckitoo (otherwise known as Black Powder), was a minor chief of a tribe of 80 Plains Cree-Saulteaux people who were deemed to be "true nomadic hunters".
Prominent leaders of this uprising were Chief Poundmaker and Chief Big Bear. Poundmaker and his band had a reserve near present-day Cut Knife about 50 km (31 miles) west of Fort Battleford. Big Bear and his band had settled near Frog Lake about 55 km (34 miles) northwest of Fort Pitt but had not yet selected a reserve site. [1]
On April 2, Big Bear's warriors attacked the small settlement of Frog Lake, killing nine officials and civilians. Big Bear, against his wishes, was drawn into the rebellion. Other attacks then took place, with Cree fighters pillaging the towns of Lac La Biche, [3] Saddle Lake, Beaverhill Lake, Bear Hills, Lac St. Anne and Green Lake. [4]
Chief Big Bear and his band had settled near Frog Lake in late 1884. [2] He had signed Treaty 6 in 1882 [3] and been pushed to move his band near Fort Pitt, located about 55 km (34 mi) from Frog Lake, but had not yet selected a reserve site. [4]
Treaty 6 is the sixth of the numbered treaties that were signed by the Canadian Crown and various First Nations between 1871 and 1877. It is one of a total of 11 numbered treaties signed between the Canadian Crown and First Nations.
Sweet Grass often worked closely with the fellow Cree chief Big Bear. They hunted in the same territory and would often hunt and camp together. [3] Sweet Grass was ten years older, so Big Bear recognized him as the superior chief. [3] They bonded over sharing the characteristic of being small, but mighty warriors. [3]
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Wandering Spirit was a young war chief among the Plains Cree and frequently came into conflict with the band's titular leader, Chief Big Bear. Whenever Big Bear left the band for a period of time, Wandering Spirit and Big Bear's son, Imasees, were left in command. [1] Both had challenged Big Bear for full leadership in 1885 but were unsuccessful.