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An everyday example is the cruise control on a road vehicle; where external influences such as gradients cause speed changes (PV), and the driver also alters the desired set speed (SP). The automatic control algorithm restores the actual speed to the desired speed in the optimum way, without delay or overshoot, by altering the power output of ...
A functional block diagram, in systems engineering and software engineering, is a block diagram that describes the functions and interrelationships of a system. The functional block diagram can picture: [1] functions of a system pictured by blocks; input and output elements of a block pictured with lines; the relationships between the functions ...
A control loop is the fundamental building block of control systems in general and industrial control systems in particular. It consists of the process sensor, the controller function, and the final control element (FCE) which controls the process necessary to automatically adjust the value of a measured process variable (PV) to equal the value of a desired set-point (SP).
An example of a closed-loop block diagram, from which a transfer function may be computed, is shown below: The summing node and the G(s) and H(s) blocks can all be combined into one block, which would have the following transfer function: () = + ()
Function Block Diagram is one of five languages for logic or control configuration [2] supported by standard IEC 61131-3 for a control system such as a programmable logic controller (PLC) or a Distributed Control System (DCS). The other supported languages are ladder logic, sequential function chart, structured text, and instruction list.
The distinguishing feature of the PID controller is the ability to use the three control terms of proportional, integral and derivative influence on the controller output to apply accurate and optimal control. The block diagram on the right shows the principles of how these terms are generated and applied.
Figure 1: Functional flow block diagram format. [1] A functional flow block diagram (FFBD) is a multi-tier, time-sequenced, step-by-step flow diagram of a system's functional flow. [2] The term "functional" in this context is different from its use in functional programming or in mathematics, where pairing "functional" with "flow" would be ...
In software and systems development, control-flow diagrams can be used in control-flow analysis, data-flow analysis, algorithm analysis, and simulation. Control and data are most applicable for real time and data-driven systems. These flow analyses transform logic and data requirements text into graphic flows which are easier to analyze than ...