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Vicat softening temperature or Vicat hardness is the determination of the softening point for materials that have no definite melting point, such as plastics. It is taken as the temperature at which the specimen is penetrated to a depth of 1 mm by a flat-ended needle with a 1 mm 2 circular or square cross-section.
Louis Vicat (31 March 1786, Nevers – 10 April 1861, Grenoble) was a French engineer. He graduated from the École Polytechnique in 1804 and the École des Ponts et Chaussées in 1806. Vicat studied the setting of mortars and developed his own.
A test tube brush or spout brush is a brush used for cleaning test tubes and narrow mouth laboratory glassware, [1] such as graduated cylinders, burettes, and Erlenmeyer flasks. It is composed of nylon , synthetic, or animal fur bristles of various diameters lined against a rather sturdy wire handle with a looped end for hanging.
A wash bottle is a squeeze bottle with a nozzle, used to rinse various pieces of laboratory glassware, such as test tubes and round bottom flasks. Wash bottles are sealed with a screw-top lid. When hand pressure is applied to the bottle, the liquid inside becomes pressurized and is forced out of the nozzle into a narrow stream of liquid.
A volumetric flask (measuring flask or graduated flask) is a piece of laboratory apparatus, a type of laboratory flask, calibrated to contain a precise volume at a certain temperature. Volumetric flasks are used for precise dilutions and preparation of standard solutions. These flasks are usually pear-shaped, with a flat bottom, and made of ...
A utility clamp is a laboratory apparatus resembling a pair of scissors. The screw in the middle works as the wide adjustment of 2-prong. [1] It is composed of 3 parts: 2-prong adjust, metal rod, and clamp down (the clamp is attached to the ring stand for adjusting the height). This apparatus is connected to a ring stand or retort stand.
(These are for Class A pipettes; Class B pipettes are given a tolerance of twice that for the corresponding Class A.) A specialized example of a volumetric pipette is the microfluid pipette (capable of dispensing as little as 10 μL) designed with a circulating liquid tip that generates a self-confining volume in front of its outlet channels.
Drawing of a Thiele tube with red arrows showing convection current A photograph of a Thiele tube. The oil level is a little low now to compensate for expansion when heating commences. The Thiele tube, named after the German chemist Johannes Thiele, is a laboratory glassware designed to contain and heat an oil bath.