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The generalist brown-headed cowbird may have evolved an egg coloration mimicking a number of their hosts. [2] Size may also be important for the incubation and survival of parasitic species; it may be beneficial for parasitic eggs to be similar in size to the eggs of the host species. [3]
The female cowbird may continue to observe this nest after laying eggs. Some bird species have evolved the ability to detect such parasitic eggs, and may reject them by pushing them out of their nests, but the female cowbird has been observed to attack and destroy the remaining eggs of such birds as a consequence, dissuading further removals. [8]
The screaming cowbird frequently parasitizes its main host, the baywing, during the pre-laying period. [20] Screaming cowbirds lay 31% of their eggs before the first baywing egg but most of the eggs laid are ejected, and often within 24 hours. [29] By ejecting parasitic eggs with their feet, baywings can reduce the parasitic egg load by 75%. [30]
During co-nesting, before a bird starts laying its own eggs, it will toss out eggs laid previously by other females. [8] As a result, the last egg-layers may contribute more eggs to the common nest, [8] and this will increase the chances that newly laid eggs bearing the genetic material of that female will have a better chance of survival.
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The only living mammals that lay eggs are echidnas and platypuses. In the latter, the eggs develop in utero for about 28 days, with only about 10 days of external incubation (in contrast to a chicken egg, which spends about one day in tract and 21 days externally). [11] After laying her eggs, the female curls around them.
The brown-headed cowbird is an obligate brood parasite; it lays its eggs in the nests of other small passerines (perching birds), particularly those that build cup-like nests. The brown-headed cowbird eggs have been documented in nests of at least 220 host species, including hummingbirds and raptors.
The female incubates the eggs for 11–14 days before they hatch. Then the female feeds the offspring while the male teaches them to fly and leave the nest, usually within 18 days of birth. The male also feeds the offspring a little less than half the time, easing the burden on the female.