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In functional safety a safety instrumented system (SIS) is an engineered set of hardware and software controls which provides a protection layer that shuts down a chemical, nuclear, electrical, or mechanical system, or part of it, if a hazardous condition is detected.
An occupational safety management system (OSMS) is a management system designed to manage occupational safety and health risks in the workplace.If the system contains elements of management of longer-term health impacts and occupational disease, it may be referred to as a occupational safety and health management system (OSHMS) or occupational health and safety management system (OHSMS).
Although functionally separate, process control and shutdown systems are usually interfaced under one system, called an integrated control and safety system (ICSS). Shutdown systems typically use equipment that is SIL 2 certified as a minimum, whereas control systems can start with SIL 1. SIL applies to both hardware and software requirements ...
ISO 24517-1:2008 is an ISO Standard published in 2008.. Document management—Engineering document format using PDF—Part 1: Use of PDF 1.6 (PDF/E-1) This standard defines a format (PDF/E) for the creation of documents used in geospatial, construction and manufacturing workflows [1] and is based on the PDF Reference version 1.6 from Adobe Systems.
Examples [1] of safety-critical systems. From left to right, top to bottom: the glass cockpit of a C-141 , a pacemaker , the Space Shuttle and the control room of a nuclear power plant . A safety-critical system [ 2 ] or life-critical system is a system whose failure or malfunction may result in one (or more) of the following outcomes: [ 3 ] [ 4 ]
A high-integrity pressure protection system (HIPPS) is a type of safety instrumented system (SIS) designed to prevent over-pressurization of a plant, such as a chemical plant or oil refinery. The HIPPS will shut off the source of the high pressure before the design pressure of the system is exceeded, thus preventing loss of containment through ...
The tolerable level of these risks is specified as a safety requirement in the form of a target 'probability of a dangerous failure' in a given period of time, stated as a discrete SIL. Certification schemes, such as the CASS Scheme (Conformity Assessment of Safety-related Systems) are used to establish whether a device meets a particular SIL. [4]
A PDF file is organized using ASCII characters, except for certain elements that may have binary content. The file starts with a header containing a magic number (as a readable string) and the version of the format, for example %PDF-1.7. The format is a subset of a COS ("Carousel" Object Structure) format. [24]