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As one moves from left-to-right across a period in the modern periodic table, the ionization energy increases as the nuclear charge increases and the atomic size decreases. The decrease in the atomic size results in a more potent force of attraction between the electrons and the nucleus. However, suppose one moves down in a group.
In the periodic table of the elements, each column is a group. In chemistry, a group (also known as a family) [1] is a column of elements in the periodic table of the chemical elements. There are 18 numbered groups in the periodic table; the 14 f-block columns, between groups 2 and 3, are not numbered.
In the periodic table of the elements, each numbered row is a period. A period on the periodic table is a row of chemical elements. All elements in a row have the same number of electron shells. Each next element in a period has one more proton and is less metallic than its predecessor.
Groups 1 and 2 (the s-block) have been moved to the right side of the table. The s-block is shifted up one row, thus all elements not in the s-block are now one row lower than in the standard table. For example, most of the fourth row in the standard table is the fifth row in this table. Helium is placed in group 2 (not in group 18). The ...
The order of an element of a group (also called period length or period) is the order of the subgroup generated by the element. If the group operation is denoted as a multiplication , the order of an element a of a group, is thus the smallest positive integer m such that a m = e , where e denotes the identity element of the group, and a m ...
Group 5 is the new IUPAC name for this group; the old style name was group VB in the old US system (CAS) or group VA in the European system (old IUPAC). Group 5 must not be confused with the group with the old-style group crossed names of either VA (US system, CAS) or VB (European system, old IUPAC); that group is now called the pnictogens or ...
a Group 1 is composed of hydrogen (H) and the alkali metals. Elements of the group have one s-electron in the outer electron shell. Hydrogen is not considered to be an alkali metal as it is not a metal, though it is more analogous to them than any other group. This makes the group somewhat exceptional.
The box plot shows the seasonal difference (between group patterns) quite well, but it does not show within group patterns. However, for large data sets, the box plot is usually easier to read than the seasonal subseries plot. The seasonal plot, seasonal subseries plot, and the box plot all assume that the seasonal periods are known.