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Transonic (or transsonic) flow is air flowing around an object at a speed that generates regions of both subsonic and supersonic airflow around that object. [1] The exact range of speeds depends on the object's critical Mach number, but transonic flow is seen at flight speeds close to the speed of sound (343 m/s at sea level), typically between Mach 0.8 and 1.2.
The transonic speed range is that range of speeds within which the airflow over different parts of an aircraft is between subsonic and supersonic. So the regime of flight from Mcrit up to Mach 1.3 is called the transonic range. Supersonic: 1.2–5.0 794–3,308 915–3,806 1,470–6,126 410–1,702
High subsonic wind tunnels, between Mach 0.4 and 0.75, and transonic wind tunnels, between Mach 0.75 and 1.2, are designed on the same principles as the subsonic wind tunnels. Testing at transonic speeds presents additional problems, mainly due to the reflection of the shock waves from the walls of the test section.
Supersonic aircraft, such as Concorde, Tu-144, the English Electric Lightning, Lockheed F-104, Dassault Mirage III, and MiG 21, are intended to exceed Mach 1.0 in level flight, and are therefore designed with very thin wings. Their critical Mach numbers are higher than those of subsonic and transonic aircraft, but are still less than Mach 1.0.
A problem is called subsonic if all the speeds in the problem are less than the speed of sound, transonic if speeds both below and above the speed of sound are present (normally when the characteristic speed is approximately the speed of sound), supersonic when the characteristic flow speed is greater than the speed of sound, and hypersonic ...
A United States Navy F/A-18F Super Hornet in transonic flight U.S. Navy F/A-18 approaching the speed of sound. The white cloud forms as a result of the supersonic expansion fans dropping the air temperature below the dew point. [1] [2] Supersonic speed is the speed of an object that exceeds the speed of sound (Mach 1).
The transonic speed range is that range of speeds within which the airflow over different parts of an aircraft is between subsonic and supersonic. So the regime of flight from Mcrit up to Mach 1.3 is called the transonic range. [citation needed] Northrop X-4 Bantam (Mach 0.9) — Supersonic [1.2–5)
For supersonic speeds a different procedure called the supersonic area rule, developed by NACA aerodynamicist Robert Jones, is used. Transonic is one of the most important speed ranges for commercial and military fixed-wing aircraft today, with transonic acceleration an important performance requirement for combat aircraft and which is improved ...