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Aquatic macroinvertebrates are insects in their nymph and larval stages, snails, worms, crayfish, and clams that spend at least part of their lives in water. These insects play a large role in freshwater ecosystems by recycling nutrients as well as providing food to higher trophic levels.
Pupae complete their development in two to six days at 35 °C (95 °F), but may take 20 days or more at 14 °C (57 °F). [14] When metamorphosis is complete, the adult housefly emerges from the pupa. To do this, it uses the ptilinum, an eversible pouch on its head, to tear open the end of the pupal case. Having emerged from the pupa, it ceases ...
The pupal stage may last weeks, months, or even years, depending on temperature and the species of insect. [3] [4] For example, the pupal stage lasts eight to fifteen days in monarch butterflies. [5] The pupa may enter dormancy or diapause until the appropriate season to emerge as an adult insect.
The naked pupa, often known as a chrysalis, usually hangs head down from the cremaster, a spiny pad at the posterior end, but in some species a silken girdle may be spun to keep the pupa in a head-up position. [41] Most of the tissues and cells of the larva are broken down inside the pupa, as the constituent material is rebuilt into the imago.
Pupa. Variable in form but most often curved backwards. It is angulate, with the head truncate or rounded and the back of abdomen is smooth or tuberculate. It is attached by the tail, normally in a perpendicular position, and further secured by a silken girth round the middle. In Parnassius, the pupa is placed in a loose silken web between leaves.
Water Beetles (Dytiscidae). a, Beetle (Cybister sp.); b, head of beetle with feelers and gunts (Agabus); c, larva (Larva of Dytiscus, Water Beetle); d, pupa (Pupa of Dytiscus). A water beetle is a generalized name for any beetle that is adapted to living in water at any point in its life cycle. Most water beetles can only live in fresh water ...
The pupa or "tumbler" can swim actively by flipping its abdomen. Like the larva, the pupa of most species must come to the surface frequently to breathe, which they do through a pair of respiratory trumpets on their cephalothoraxes. They do not feed; they pass much of their time hanging from the surface of the water by their respiratory trumpets.
It does not move unless provoked (e.g. by a predator attacking it), in which case it moves to escape the threat. [1] In the stag beetle Cyclommatus metallifer, the prepupa involves four distinct stages. The first lasts 2 days and involves a beetle larva constructing its pupal cell.