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  2. Modular art - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modular_art

    Modular art is art created by joining together standardized units to form larger, more complex compositions.In some works the units can be subsequently moved, removed and added to – that is, modulated – to create a new work of art, different from the original or ensuing configurations.

  3. Multiplicative group of integers modulo n - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplicative_group_of...

    The pattern shown by 8 and 16 holds [6] for higher powers 2 k, ... Since 8 is congruent to −1 modulo 9, it follows that 8 8 is congruent to 1 modulo 9. So 1 and 8 ...

  4. Modular arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modular_arithmetic

    Time-keeping on this clock uses arithmetic modulo 12. Adding 4 hours to 9 o'clock gives 1 o'clock, since 13 is congruent to 1 modulo 12. In mathematics, modular arithmetic is a system of arithmetic for integers, where numbers "wrap around" when reaching a certain value, called the modulus.

  5. Modulo - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulo

    In computing, the modulo operation returns the remainder or signed remainder of a division, after one number is divided by another, called the modulus of the operation.. Given two positive numbers a and n, a modulo n (often abbreviated as a mod n) is the remainder of the Euclidean division of a by n, where a is the dividend and n is the divisor.

  6. Modulo (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulo_(mathematics)

    Modulo is a mathematical jargon that was introduced into mathematics in the book Disquisitiones Arithmeticae by Carl Friedrich Gauss in 1801. [3] Given the integers a, b and n, the expression "a ≡ b (mod n)", pronounced "a is congruent to b modulo n", means that a − b is an integer multiple of n, or equivalently, a and b both share the same remainder when divided by n.

  7. Quadratic reciprocity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadratic_reciprocity

    Gauss published the first and second proofs of the law of quadratic reciprocity on arts 125–146 and 262 of Disquisitiones Arithmeticae in 1801. In number theory, the law of quadratic reciprocity is a theorem about modular arithmetic that gives conditions for the solvability of quadratic equations modulo prime numbers. Due to its subtlety, it ...

  8. Primitive root modulo n - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitive_root_modulo_n

    In modular arithmetic, a number g is a primitive root modulo n if every number a coprime to n is congruent to a power of g modulo n. That is, g is a primitive root modulo n if for every integer a coprime to n, there is some integer k for which g k ≡ a (mod n). Such a value k is called the index or discrete logarithm of a to the base g modulo n.

  9. Modular constructivism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modular_Constructivism

    Modular constructivism is a style of sculpture that emerged in the 1950s and 1960s and was associated especially with Erwin Hauer and Norman Carlberg.It is based on carefully structured modules which allow for intricate and in some cases infinite patterns of repetition, sometimes used to create limitless, basically planar, screen-like formations, and sometimes employed to make more ...