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Shang Yang (Chinese: 商鞅; c. 390 – 338 BC), also known as Wei Yang (Chinese: 衞鞅) and originally surnamed Gongsun, was a statesman, chancellor and reformer of the State of Qin. Arguably the "most famous and most influential statesman of the Warring States period ", [ 1 ] Gongsun was born in the Zhou vassal state of Wey , [ 2 ] migrating ...
During the early Warring States period Qin generally avoided conflicts with the other states. This changed during the reign of Duke Xiao, when prime minister Shang Yang made centralizing and authoritarian reforms in accordance with his Legalist philosophy between the years 356 and 338 BC.
Warring States period, 350 BC Territorial changes of the Warring States Depiction of a Warring states chariot. The rapid growth of Qin's military began with the adoption of Shang Yang's Legalist reforms beginning in 361 BC. Shang Yang was originally a minor official in the state of Wei, but failed to gain recognition there and defected to Qin ...
But the more advanced Names and Realities discussions date to the later Warring States period, after Shang Yang, Shen Buhai, and Mencius, i.e. in Han Fei's era. [143] The practices and doctrines of Shen Buhai, Han Fei and the school of names are all termed Mingshi (name and reality) and Xingming (form and name).
Legalist doctrine was formulated by Li Kui, Shang Yang (d. 338 BC), Han Fei (d. 233 BC), and Li Si (d. 208 BC), who maintained that human nature was incorrigibly selfish; accordingly, the only way to preserve the social order was to impose discipline from above, and to see to a strict enforcement of laws. The Legalists exalted the state above ...
Over the course of the Warring States period, and especially following Shang Yang's administrative reforms during the mid-fourth century BC, the state of Qin had grown to become the most powerful of the Seven Warring States that remained in China.
Duke Xiao of Qin (Chinese: 秦孝公; pinyin: Qín Xiào Gōng; 381–338 BC), personal name Ying Quliang, was the ruler of the Qin state from 361 to 338 BC. Duke Xiao is best known for employing the Legalist statesman Shang Yang [1] from the Wey state and authorizing him to conduct a series of ground breaking political, military and economic reforms in Qin.
During the Warring States period, Shang Yang from the state of Qin would enact political reforms into practice. [2] The ancient Chinese text Han Feizi proposed the establishment of the first all-encompassing autocratic monarchy for the future of the state. [3]