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Universal curettes can be used in multiple areas, while area specific instruments are designed for select tooth surfaces. [40] Gracey curettes are a popular type of area specific curettes. [ 40 ] Due to their design, area specific curettes allow for better adaptation to the root surface and can be slightly more effective than universals.
1: Total loss of attachment (clinical attachment loss, CAL) is the sum of 2: Gingival recession, and 3: Probing depth. Gingival recession, also known as gum recession and receding gums, is the exposure in the roots of the teeth caused by a loss of gum tissue and/or retraction of the gingival margin from the crown of the teeth. [1]
The dashes (-) in the formula are likewise not mathematical operators, but spacers, meaning "to": for instance the human formula is 2.1.2.2-3 2.1.2.2-3 meaning that people may have 2 or 3 molars on each side of each jaw. 'd' denotes deciduous teeth (i.e. milk or baby teeth); lower case also indicates temporary teeth.
Tanaka and Johnston analysis is a mixed dentition analysis which allows one to estimate the space available in an arch for the permanent teeth to erupt. This analysis was developed by Marvin M. Tanaka and Lysle E. Johnston in 1974 after they conducted a study on 506 orthodontic patients done in Cleveland at the Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine.
Limitations of this analysis are that this is a probability analysis, [1] does not account for tipping of incisors lingual or buccal and that maxillary tooth sizes are predicted by the mandibular tooth sizes. Other limitations of this analysis is that Moyers never clarified which population this analysis was done on initially.
Tooth mobility is the horizontal or vertical displacement of a tooth beyond its normal physiological boundaries [1] around the gingival (gum) area, i.e. the medical term for a loose tooth. Tooth loss implies in loss of several orofacial structures, such as bone tissues, nerves, receptors and muscles and consequently, most orofacial functions ...
In dental anatomy, the gingival sulcus is an area of potential space between a tooth and the surrounding gingival tissue and is lined by sulcular epithelium. The depth of the sulcus (Latin for groove) is bounded by two entities: apically by the gingival fibers of the connective tissue attachment and coronally by the free gingival margin.
It does this by allowing food to be deflected onto the gums at a specific angle so that the gum tissue can be stimulated and cleaned. Each tooth is shaped so that food is directed off the tooth and onto the gums instead. The shape of the tooth is also designed specifically for its function and to allow for its self-cleaning ability. [1]