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'Rusyn National Republic of Lemkos'), often known also as the Lemko-Rusyn Republic, just the Lemko Republic, or the Florynka Republic, was a short-lived state founded on 5 December 1918 in the aftermath of World War I and the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. [1]
In the immediate aftermath World War I, Lemkos founded two short-lived republics, the Lemko-Rusyn Republic in the west of Galicia, which had a russophile orientation, as well as attempted to merge with Czechoslovakia and the Komancza Republic, with a Ukrainophilic orientation, which attempted to merge with West Ukrainian People's Republic.
The Komańcza Republic, [a] also known as the Eastern Lemko Republic, [b] Vyslik Republic, [c] and Lemko Republic, [d] was a short-lived microstate, an association of thirty three Lemko villages, seated in Komańcza in the east of the Lemko Region, that existed between 4 November 1918 and 24 January 1919.
Parts were briefly independent under the Lemko-Rusyn Republic and Komancza Republic, and later annexed to Poland. [citation needed] Most Lemkos in Poland were deported from their ancestral region as part of Operation Vistula in 1946, and only a small part of them remains there today, the rest being scattered across the Recovered Territories.
Doctor Jaroslav Kacmarcyk or Jarosław Kaczmarczyk, also spelled Iaroslav Karchmarchyk (1885–1944 [citation needed]) was the head of the Lemko-Rusyn Republic from 1918 to 1920. He was tried by the Polish government for anti-Polish agitation on June 6, 1921, and was acquitted. [1]
The Komańcza Republic, an association of 30 Lemko villages based around Komańcza in eastern Lemko Region, existed between 4 November 1918 and 23 January 1919. Being pro-Ukrainian it planned to unite with the West Ukrainian People's Republic, but was suppressed by the Polish government.
Ethnic map of Czechoslovakia in 1931. Rusyns and Ukrainians in Czechoslovakia during the period from 1918 to 1938, were ethnic Rusyns and Ukrainians of the First Czechoslovak Republic, representing the two main ethnic communities in the most eastern region of Czechoslovakia, known during that period as the Subcarpathian Rus.
Lemko house in Nowica. Some five thousand Lemko families returned to their home regions in south-eastern Poland in 1957 and 1958. [17] While the Polish census of 2003 shows only 5,800 Lemkos (self-identification), there are estimates that up to 100,000 Lemkos in total live in Poland today, and up to 10,000 of them in the area known as Lemkovyna.