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Lipoproteins released from treatment of Treponema pallidum infections are believed to induce the Jarisch–Herxheimer reaction. [3] The Herxheimer reaction has shown an increase in inflammatory cytokines during the period of exacerbation, including tumor necrosis factor alpha , interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 .
[1] [2] [3] In the elderly, xerosis, is the most common cause for an itch due to the degradation of the skin barrier over time. [4] However, the cause of senile pruritus is not clearly known. [5] Diagnosis is based on an elimination criteria during a full body examination that can be done by either a dermatologist or non-dermatologist physician ...
A common anti-malarial medication called chloroquine may cause pruritus for unknown reasons. Other antimalarials like amodiaquine, halofantrine, and hydroxychloroquine have also been linked to pruritus, albeit less frequently and to a lesser extent.
Fixed drug reactions are common and so named because they recur at the same site with each exposure to a particular medication. [1] Medications inducing fixed drug eruptions are usually those taken intermittently.
[48] [8] In online Lyme groups, patients have claimed to "herx" long after initial antibiotic treatment for durations that can last weeks. [8] A mistaken belief that a treatment is working can cause patients to ignore serious drug side effects of antibiotics or prevent diagnosis and treatment of other true causes of worsening symptoms. [8] [46]
The symptoms of DRESS syndrome usually begin 2 to 6 weeks but uncommonly up to 8–16 weeks after exposure to an offending drug. Symptoms generally include fever, an often itchy rash which may be morbilliform or consist mainly of macules or plaques, facial edema (i.e. swelling, which is a hallmark of the disease), enlarged and sometimes painful lymph nodes, and other symptoms due to ...
Treatment is usually started by administering drugs with high anti-inflammatory effects, such as prednisone. Once the inflammation is successfully controlled, another drug to keep the disease in remission, such as mesalazine in UC, is the main treatment. If further treatment is required, a combination of an immunosuppressive drug (such as ...
One of the most prevalent forms of adverse drug reactions is cutaneous reactions, [1] with drug-induced urticaria ranking as the second most common type, preceded by drug-induced exanthems. [2] Urticaria, commonly known as hives , manifests as weals, itching, burning, redness, swelling, and angioedema —a rapid swelling of lower skin layers ...