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Open channel applications include bank stabilization, flow and grade control, scour protection for bridge piers, and biostabilization. The primary mechanism of protection employed is an increase in the relative roughness of the channel bank (as characterized by the Manning's Roughness Coefficient ); the Manning's n is relatively high at 0.1.
Hudson's equation, also known as Hudson formula, is an equation used by coastal engineers to calculate the minimum size of riprap (armourstone) required to provide satisfactory stability characteristics for rubble structures such as breakwaters under attack from storm wave conditions.
Riprap (in North American English), also known as rip rap, rip-rap, shot rock, rock armour (in British English) or rubble, is human-placed rock or other material used to protect shoreline structures against scour and water, wave, or ice erosion.
Bank erosion is a natural process: without it, rivers would not meander and change course. However, land management patterns that change the hydrograph and/or vegetation cover can act to increase or decrease channel migration rates.
List of books by Graham Greene; List of books by Clive Hamilton; List of books by Friedrich Hayek; List of works by Søren Kierkegaard; List of works by Stephen King; List of books by Astrid Lindgren; List of works by H. P. Lovecraft; List of books by Amory Lovins; List of books by Martin Luther; List of books by Madonna; List of books by ...
A stabilization fund is a mechanism set up by a government or central bank to insulate the domestic economy from large influxes of revenue, as from commodities such as oil.
This list of the most commonly challenged books in the United States refers to books sought to be removed or otherwise restricted from public access, typically from a library or a school curriculum. This list is primarily based on U.S. data gathered by the American Library Association 's Office for Intellectual Freedom (OIF), which gathers data ...
A raster image processor (RIP) is a component used in a printing system which produces a raster image also known as a bitmap. [1] [2] Such a bitmap is used by a later stage of the printing system to produce the printed output. The input may be a page description in a high-level page description language such as PostScript, PDF, or XPS.