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Several indications suggest that the writers of 3 Enoch were familiar with the content of 1 Enoch (an apocalyptic text dating to the Second Temple period). Some points that appear in 1 Enoch and 3 Enoch are: Enoch ascends to Heaven in a “storm chariot” (3 Enoch 6:1; 7:1) Enoch is transformed into an angel (3 Enoch 9:1–5; 15:1–2)
The description parallels the wheels that are beside the living creatures in Ezekiel 1:18; 10:12, which are said to be "full of eyes all around". The Hebrew word for "wheel" (ôpannîm) was also used in later Jewish literature to indicate a member of the angelic orders (1 Enoch 71:7; 3 Enoch 1:8; 7:1; 25:5–6, etc.).
Hekhalot literature (sometimes transliterated as Heichalot), from the Hebrew word for "Palaces," relates to visions of ascents into heavenly palaces.The genre overlaps with Merkabah or "Chariot" literature, which concerns Ezekiel's chariot, so the two are sometimes referred together as "Books of the Palaces and the Chariot" (ספרות ההיכלות והמרכבה ).
Enoch instructs Methuselah to assure Lamech that he is Noah's father. Columns 3–5 contain Enoch's speech, which overlaps well with the Aramaic text found in 1 Enoch 106–107 from 4QEn. It is this overlap that provides the strongest evidence that the Genesis Apocryphon was using the Book of Enoch as a source, rather than being dependent on ...
The Sefer Raziel spellings 'Satquel' and 'Satquiel' are derived from the 3 Enoch angel Zadkiel, which is also spelled 'Shatqiel' and 'Shataqiel'. The Sefer Raziel spelling 'Sachquiel' is derived from the 3 Enoch angel Sahaquiel, which is also spelled 'Shachaqiel' and 'Shahaqiel'. Those 2 angels were first discussed in 3 Enoch.
The Enoch calendar is an ancient calendar described in the pseudepigraphal Book of Enoch.It divided the year into four seasons of exactly 13 weeks. Each season consisted of two 30-day months followed by one 31-day month, with the 31st day ending the season, so that Enoch's year consisted of exactly 364 days.
Apkallu or and Abgal (𒉣𒈨; Akkadian and Sumerian, respectively [1]) are terms found in cuneiform inscriptions that in general mean either "wise" or "sage".. In several contexts the Apkallu are seven demigods, sometimes described as part man and part fish or bird, associated with human wisdom; these creatures are often referred to in scholarly literature as the Seven Sages.
The noun merkavah "thing to ride in, cart" is derived from the consonantal root רכב r-k-b with the general meaning "to ride". The word "chariot" is found 44 times in the Masoretic Text of the Hebrew Bible—most of them referring to normal chariots on earth, [5] and although the concept of the Merkabah is associated with Ezekiel's vision (), the word is not explicitly written in Ezekiel 1.