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The dapivirine vaginal ring (DPV-VR) for women at substantial risk of HIV infection who do not have access to oral PrEP. [6] This article provides information regarding PrEP's medical uses, contraindications and side effects, societal and cultural perspectives on its usage, and recent research studies.
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), is the use of medications to prevent the spread of disease in people who have not yet been exposed to a disease-causing agent. Vaccination is the most commonly used form of pre-exposure prophylaxis; other forms of pre-exposure prophylaxis generally involve drug treatment, known as chemoprophylaxis.
Common side effects include headache, tiredness, trouble sleeping, abdominal pain, weight loss, and rash. [5] Serious side effects may include high blood lactate levels and enlargement of the liver. [7] Use of this medication during pregnancy does not appear to harm the fetus, but this has not been well studied. [1]
Possible additive effect [3] Chamomile: Blood thinners [23] Devil's Claw: grapple plant, wood spider Harpagophytum: Warfarin Additive effect [3] Ephedra Ephedra: Caffeine, decongestants, stimulants [15] Increases sympathomimetic effect of ephedra [3] Feverfew: featherfew Tanacetum parthenium: Aspirin Additive effect [3] Garlic: Allium sativum ...
It is also used to clear the bowels before a colonoscopy, [3] when the onset of the laxative effect is more rapid, typically within an hour. [7] Side effects may include increased bowel gas, abdominal pain, and nausea. [3] Rare but serious side effects may include an abnormal heartbeat, seizures, and kidney problems. [8]
Side effects may include trouble sleeping, weight gain, and rash. [2] [3] While there are concerns that use during pregnancy results in a 0.2% increased risk of neural tube defects in the baby, this does not rule out its use. [2] Use remains recommended after the first trimester. [2] Use is not recommended in those with kidney problems. [3]
Some side effects are predictable, of which some are common but not serious, some are uncommon and serious and others are rare. [2] The route of administration of penicillin can have an effect on the development of side effects. An example of this is irritation and inflammation that develops at a peripheral infusion site when penicillin is ...
Numerous observational studies and randomised trials (RCTs) have found that the impact on mortality of live and inactivated vaccines differ markedly. All live vaccines studied so far (BCG, measles vaccine, oral polio vaccine (OPV) and smallpox vaccine) have been shown to reduce mortality more than can be explained by prevention of the targeted infection(s).
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