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  2. Thermogenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermogenesis

    Thermogenesis is the process of heat production in organisms.It occurs in all warm-blooded animals, and also in a few species of thermogenic plants such as the Eastern skunk cabbage, the Voodoo lily (Sauromatum venosum), and the giant water lilies of the genus Victoria.

  3. Shivering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shivering

    In shivering, the heat is the main intended product and is utilized for warmth. [citation needed] Newborn babies, infants, and young children experience a greater (net) heat loss than adults because of greater surface-area-to-volume ratio. As they cannot shiver to maintain body heat, [citation needed] they rely on non-shivering thermogenesis.

  4. Thermogenin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermogenin

    The UCP1, or thermogenin, gene likely arose in an ancestor of modern vertebrates, but did not initially allow for our vertebrate ancestor to use non-shivering thermogenesis for warmth. It wasn't until heat generation was adaptively selected for in placental mammal descendants of this common ancestor that UCP1 evolved its current function in ...

  5. Human thermoregulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_thermoregulation

    Both processes consume energy, however high-intensity shivering uses glucose as a fuel source and low-intensity tends to use fats. This is a primary reason why animals store up food in the winter. [citation needed] Brown adipocytes are also capable of producing heat via a process called non-shivering thermogenesis. In this process ...

  6. Chemical engineering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_engineering

    Chemical engineers design, construct, and operate process plants, such as these fractionating columns.. Chemical engineering is an engineering field which deals with the study of the operation and design of chemical plants as well as methods of improving production.

  7. Dormancy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dormancy

    Non-shivering thermogenesis is a regulated process in which the proton gradient generated by electron transport in mitochondria is used to produce heat instead of ATP in brown adipose tissue. [3] Animals that hibernate include bats , ground squirrels and other rodents, mouse lemurs, the European hedgehog and other insectivores, monotremes and ...

  8. Thermoregulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoregulation

    Some bats are true hibernators and rely upon a rapid, non-shivering thermogenesis of their brown fat deposit to bring them out of hibernation. [43] Estivation is similar to hibernation, however, it usually occurs in hot periods to allow animals to avoid high temperatures and desiccation. Both terrestrial and aquatic invertebrate and vertebrates ...

  9. Transport phenomena - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_phenomena

    Some of the most common examples of transport analysis in engineering are seen in the fields of process, chemical, biological, [1] and mechanical engineering, but the subject is a fundamental component of the curriculum in all disciplines involved in any way with fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and mass transfer.