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  2. Mass–energy equivalence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass–energy_equivalence

    [70] [71] American physical chemists Gilbert N. Lewis and Richard C. Tolman used two variations of the formula in 1909: m = ⁠ E / c 2 ⁠ and m 0 = ⁠ E 0 / c 2 ⁠, with E being the relativistic energy (the energy of an object when the object is moving), E 0 is the rest energy (the energy when not moving), m is the relativistic mass (the ...

  3. Mass in special relativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_in_special_relativity

    In this case, conservation of invariant mass of the system also will no longer hold. Such a loss of rest mass in systems when energy is removed, according to E = mc 2 where E is the energy removed, and m is the change in rest mass, reflect changes of mass associated with movement of energy, not "conversion" of mass to energy.

  4. History of special relativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_special_relativity

    for the kinetic energy of an electron. In elaboration of this he published a paper (received September 27, November 1905), in which Einstein showed that when a material body lost energy (either radiation or heat) of amount E, its mass decreased by the amount E/c 2. This led to the famous mass–energy equivalence formula: E = mc 2.

  5. Energy–momentum relation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy–momentum_relation

    If the body is at rest (v = 0), i.e. in its center-of-momentum frame (p = 0), we have E = E 0 and m = m 0; thus the energy–momentum relation and both forms of the mass–energy relation (mentioned above) all become the same. A more general form of relation holds for general relativity.

  6. Planck relation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_relation

    The Planck relation [1] [2] [3] (referred to as Planck's energy–frequency relation, [4] the Planck–Einstein relation, [5] Planck equation, [6] and Planck formula, [7] though the latter might also refer to Planck's law [8] [9]) is a fundamental equation in quantum mechanics which states that the energy E of a photon, known as photon energy, is proportional to its frequency ν: =.

  7. Equivalence principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence_principle

    The equivalence principle is the hypothesis that the observed equivalence of gravitational and inertial mass is a consequence of nature. The weak form, known for centuries, relates to masses of any composition in free fall taking the same trajectories and landing at identical times.

  8. Relativistic mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic_mechanics

    In chemistry, the mass differences associated with the emitted energy are around 10 −9 of the molecular mass. [6] However, in nuclear reactions the energies are so large that they are associated with mass differences, which can be estimated in advance, if the products and reactants have been weighed (atoms can be weighed indirectly by using ...

  9. Introduction to general relativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_general...

    But in a relativistic theory of gravity, mass cannot be the only source of gravity. Relativity links mass with energy, and energy with momentum. The equivalence between mass and energy, as expressed by the formula E = mc 2, is the most famous consequence of special relativity. In relativity, mass and energy are two different ways of describing ...