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There is only one compelling indication for alpha blockers, which is for benign prostatic hyperplasia. [33] Patients who need alpha blockers for BPH, but have a history of hypotension or postural heart failure, should use these drugs with caution, as it may result in an even greater decrease in blood pressure or make heart failure even worse.
It was the first alpha blocker which was used for treating Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. [22] Another Alpha Blocker Prazosin, which was the first drug selective to alpha 1 receptor, was developed in 1987 [22] for the therapy of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Other alpha blockers are then introduced for several diseases. [22]
Alpha-1 blocker, blocks alpha receptors and it relaxes the smooth muscles in the bladder. It helps the urine to flow smoothly and it can lessen the pain caused by the bladder pressing on the prostate. [44] [45] Selective alpha-1 blockers are better tolerated than non-selective alpha blockers in the body and therefore works better on BPH. [2]
Figure 1: The chemical structure of dichloroisoprenaline or dichloroisoproterenol (), abbreviated DCI — the first β-blocker to be developed. β adrenergic receptor antagonists (also called beta-blockers or β-blockers) were initially developed in the 1960s, for the treatment of angina pectoris but are now also used for hypertension, congestive heart failure and certain arrhythmias. [1]
Alpha-blockers, including prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin, or tamsulosin, do not appear to affect all-cause mortality in heart failure rehospitalization in those also receiving β-blockers. [23] Tamsulosin can also cause retrograde ejaculation, which occurs when semen is redirected to the urinary bladder instead of being ejaculated normally.
Prazosin is an α 1-blocker that acts as a non-selective inverse agonist at α 1-adrenergic receptors, including of the α 1A-, α 1B-, and α 1D-adrenergic receptor subtypes. [24] It binds to these receptors with affinity (K i ) values of 0.13 to 1.0 nM for the α 1Α -adrenergic receptor, 0.06 to 0.62 nM for the α 1B -adrenergic receptor ...
Alpha 1 blockers cause vasodilation by relaxing smooth muscles that control blood vessel diameter, leading to lower blood pressure. [1] FDA-approved uses of these drugs include treating conditions like benign prostatic hyperplasia, hypertension, pheochromocytoma, extravasation management, and reversal of local anesthesia.
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