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An on-chip FIFO buffer for both incoming and outgoing data; this gives the host system more time to respond to an interrupt generated by the UART, without loss of data. Both the computer hardware and software interface of the 16550 are backward compatible with the earlier 8250 UART and 16450 UART.
At the destination, a second UART re-assembles the bits into complete bytes. Each UART contains a shift register, which is the fundamental method of conversion between serial and parallel forms. Serial transmission of digital information (bits) through a single wire or other medium is less costly than parallel transmission through multiple wires.
Representation of a FIFO queue. In computing and in systems theory, first in, first out (the first in is the first out), acronymized as FIFO, is a method for organizing the manipulation of a data structure (often, specifically a data buffer) where the oldest (first) entry, or "head" of the queue, is processed first.
In computer science, a circular buffer, circular queue, cyclic buffer or ring buffer is a data structure that uses a single, fixed-size buffer as if it were connected end-to-end. This structure lends itself easily to buffering data streams. [1] There were early circular buffer implementations in hardware. [2] [3]
Verilog-AMS is a derivative of the Verilog hardware description language that includes Analog and Mixed-Signal extensions (AMS) in order to define the behavior of analog and mixed-signal systems. It extends the event-based simulator loops of Verilog/ SystemVerilog / VHDL , by a continuous-time simulator, which solves the differential equations ...
The for loop construct now allows automatic variable declaration inside the for statement. Loop flow control is improved by the continue and break statements. SystemVerilog adds a do/while loop to the while loop construct. Constant variables, i.e. those designated as non-changing during runtime, can be designated by use of const.
Verilator is a software programming tool which converts the hardware description language Verilog to a cycle-accurate behavioral model in the programming languages C++ or SystemC. The generated models are cycle-accurate and 2-state; as a consequence, the models typically offer higher performance than the more widely used event-driven simulators ...
Loop for however many number of bytes to transfer: [note 8] Initialize byte_out with the next output byte to transmit; Loop 8 times: Left-Shift [note 9] the next output bit from byte_out to MOSI; NOP for the sub's setup time; Pull SCLK high; Left-Shift the next input bit from MISO into byte_in; NOP for the sub's hold time; Pull SCLK low