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Canadian farm girl churning butter, 1893. Churning is the process of shaking up cream or whole milk to make butter, usually using a device called butter churn.In Europe from the Middle Ages until the Industrial Revolution, a churn was usually as simple as a barrel with a plunger in it, moved by hand.
The baker has determined how much a recipe's ingredients weigh, and uses uniform decimal weight units. All ingredient weights are divided by the flour weight to obtain a ratio, then the ratio is multiplied by 100% to yield the baker's percentage for that ingredient:
The denaturation of milk fat occurs around 40 °C (104 °F), so milk at higher temperatures is not significantly affected by this problem. [15] At higher temperatures, the protein β -lactoglobulin enables the foam to maintain its structure and is the prime factor in the formation of foam.
United States milk producers also use a color-coding system to identify milk types, usually with the bottle cap or colored accents on the packaging. Whole milk is often denoted by red, while 2% is most often colored blue. 1% and skim colors vary by region or dairy, with common colors for these lines being purple, green, yellow, pink, or light blue.
Non-fat milk, also labeled "fat-free milk" or "skim milk", contains less than 0.5% fat; Low-fat milk is 1% fat; Reduced-fat milk is 2% fat; Whole milk contains at least 3.25% fat; Cheeses. Dry curd and nonfat cottage cheese contain less than 0.5% fat; Lowfat cottage cheese contains 0.5–2% fat; Cottage cheese contains at least 4% fat
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Today, most skim milk is created by spinning whole milk in a centrifuge so that the fat droplets separate out. [5] To make low fat milk, one can simply mix skim and whole milk in a fixed ratio. [6] The fat content of the raw milk produced by cows ranges from about 3.3% up to 5%.
Food coloring is sometimes added to butter. [2] Rendering butter, removing the water and milk solids, produces clarified butter, or ghee, which is almost entirely butterfat. Butter is a water-in-oil emulsion resulting from an inversion of the cream, where the milk proteins are the emulsifiers.