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  2. Bernoulli's principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernoulli's_principle

    Bernoulli's principle is a key concept in fluid dynamics that relates pressure, density, speed and height. Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a parcel of fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in either the pressure or the height above a datum. [1]:

  3. Vertical pressure variation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_pressure_variation

    A relatively simple version [1] of the vertical fluid pressure variation is simply that the pressure difference between two elevations is the product of elevation change, gravity, and density. The equation is as follows: =, where P is pressure, ρ is density, g is acceleration of gravity, and; h is height.

  4. Choked flow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choked_flow

    The choked velocity is a function of the upstream pressure but not the downstream. Although the velocity is constant, the mass flow rate is dependent on the density of the upstream gas, which is a function of the upstream pressure. Flow velocity reaches the speed of sound in the orifice, and it may be termed a sonic orifice.

  5. Dynamic pressure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_pressure

    In fluid dynamics, dynamic pressure (denoted by q or Q and sometimes called velocity pressure) is the quantity defined by: [1] = where (in SI units): q is the dynamic pressure in pascals (i.e., N/m 2, ρ (Greek letter rho) is the fluid mass density (e.g. in kg/m 3), and; u is the flow speed in m/s.

  6. Kinetic theory of gases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_theory_of_gases

    To calculate the velocity distribution of particles hitting this small area, we must take into account that all the particles with (,,) that hit the area within the time interval are contained in the tilted pipe with a height of ⁡ and a volume of ⁡ (); Therefore, compared to the Maxwell distribution, the velocity distribution will have an ...

  7. Venturi effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venturi_effect

    The mass flow rate for a compressible fluid will increase with increased upstream pressure, which will increase the density of the fluid through the constriction (though the velocity will remain constant). This is the principle of operation of a de Laval nozzle. Increasing source temperature will also increase the local sonic velocity, thus ...

  8. Terminal velocity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_velocity

    Settling velocity W s of a sand grain (diameter d, density 2650 kg/m 3) in water at 20 °C, computed with the formula of Soulsby (1997). When the buoyancy effects are taken into account, an object falling through a fluid under its own weight can reach a terminal velocity (settling velocity) if the net force acting on the object becomes zero.

  9. Compressible flow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressible_flow

    Compressible flow (or gas dynamics) is the branch of fluid mechanics that deals with flows having significant changes in fluid density.While all flows are compressible, flows are usually treated as being incompressible when the Mach number (the ratio of the speed of the flow to the speed of sound) is smaller than 0.3 (since the density change due to velocity is about 5% in that case). [1]