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  2. Zambian kwacha - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambian_kwacha

    Since the inauguration of president Hakainde Hichilema in 2021, the kwacha has enjoyed a steady exchange rate hovering around 17 to 19 per one U.S. dollar well into the year 2023, however following the drought, reduced economic activity and up to 15 hours of load-shedding to name a few current issues the economy has stagnated and the kwacha has ...

  3. Economy of Zambia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Zambia

    The value of the kwacha against the dollar has been relatively consistent for the past two years and has yet to return to the recent high of almost 0.2 kwacha to the dollar in 2013. Nonetheless, the real effective exchange rate of the kwacha against a weighted average of foreign currencies improved from 88.5 in 2016 to 96.4 in 2017.

  4. List of currencies in Africa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_currencies_in_Africa

    Also, in many African currencies there have been episodes of rampant inflation, resulting in the need for currency revaluation (e.g. the Zimbabwe dollar). In some places there is a thriving street trade by unlicensed street traders in US dollars or other stable currencies, which are seen as a hedge against local inflation. The exchange rate is ...

  5. Currency substitution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currency_substitution

    The expected benefit of currency substitution is the elimination of the risk of exchange rate fluctuations and a possible reduction in the country's international exposure. Currency substitution cannot eliminate the risk of an external crisis but provides steadier markets as a result of eliminating fluctuations in exchange rates. [2]

  6. List of countries by foreign-exchange reserves - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by...

    Foreign-exchange reserves is generally used to intervene in the foreign exchange market to stabilize or influence the value of a country's currency. Central banks can buy or sell foreign currency to influence exchange rates directly. For example, if a currency is depreciating, a central bank can sell its reserves in foreign currency to buy its ...

  7. Exchange rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exchange_rate

    The future exchange rate is reflected into the forward exchange rate stated today. In our example, the forward exchange rate of the dollar is said to be at a discount because it buys fewer Japanese yen in the forward rate than it does in the spot rate. The yen is said to be at a premium. UIRP showed no proof of working after the 1990s.

  8. West African CFA franc - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_African_CFA_franc

    Usage of: West African CFA franc Central African CFA franc The West African CFA franc (French: franc CFA or simply franc, ISO 4217 code: XOF; abbreviation: F.CFA) is the currency used by eight independent states in West Africa which make up the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA): Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo.

  9. Wall Street Journal Dollar Index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal_Dollar...

    The Wall Street Journal Dollar Index (WSJ Dollar Index) is an index (or measure) of the value of the U.S. dollar relative to 16 foreign currencies. [1] The index is weighted using data provided by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) on total foreign exchange (FX) trading volume. The index rises when the U.S. dollar gains value against ...